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Heuristics are a central component of deterministic planning, particularly in domain-independent settings where general applicability is prioritized over task-specific tuning. This work revisits that paradigm in light of recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alexander Tuisov , Yonatan Vernik , Alexander Shleyfman

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various artificial intelligence problems. However, they fail to plan reliably, even when prompted with a detailed definition of the planning task. Attempts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Augusto B. Corrêa , André G. Pereira , Jendrik Seipp

Tackling complex optimization problems often relies on expert-designed heuristics, typically crafted through extensive trial and error. Recent advances demonstrate that large language models (LLMs), when integrated into well-designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ziyao Huang , Weiwei Wu , Kui Wu , Jianping Wang , Wei-Bin Lee

Automated heuristic design (AHD) has gained considerable attention for its potential to automate the development of effective heuristics. The recent advent of large language models (LLMs) has paved a new avenue for AHD, with initial efforts…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rui Zhang , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Heuristics are widely used for dealing with complex search and optimization problems. However, manual design of heuristics can be often very labour extensive and requires rich working experience and knowledge. This paper proposes Evolution…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Liu , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Xi Lin , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Automated planning remains one of the most general paradigms in Artificial Intelligence, providing means of solving problems coming from a wide variety of domains. One of the key factors restricting the applicability of planning is its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Pawel Gomoluch , Dalal Alrajeh , Alessandra Russo , Antonio Bucchiarone

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

We consider enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex planning tasks. While existing methods allow LLMs to explore intermediate steps to make plans, they either depend on unreliable self-verification or external verifiers to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hongyi Ling , Shubham Parashar , Sambhav Khurana , Blake Olson , Anwesha Basu , Gaurangi Sinha , Zhengzhong Tu , James Caverlee , Shuiwang Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) in combinatorial optimization (CO) in the past few years. However, existing discovery pipelines often require extensive manual trial-and-error or reliance on domain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingxin Yu , Ruixiao Yang , Chuchu Fan

The art of heuristic design has traditionally been a human pursuit. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code for search heuristics, their application has largely been confined to adjusting simple functions within human-crafted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Guorui Quan , Mingfei Sun , Manuel López-Ibáñez

While systems designed for solving planning tasks vastly outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in this domain, they usually discard the rich semantic information embedded within task descriptions. In contrast, LLMs possess parametrised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced automatic heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization (CO), where candidate heuristics are iteratively proposed, evaluated, and refined. Most existing approaches search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet , Bui Dinh Pham , Dao Van Tung , Tran Cong Dao , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

This paper introduces MeLA, a Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture that presents a new paradigm for Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD). Traditional evolutionary methods operate directly on heuristic code; in contrast, MeLA evolves the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zishang Qiu , Xinan Chen , Long Chen , Ruibin Bai

Large Language Model (LLM) based automated heuristic design (AHD) has shown great potential in discovering efficient heuristics. Most existing LLM-AHD frameworks use semantic evolutionary operators that rely entirely on the LLM's…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sun Shengming , Shi Jialong

Designing optimization approaches, whether heuristic or meta-heuristic, usually demands extensive manual intervention and has difficulty generalizing across diverse problem domains. The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 He Yu , Jing Liu

LLM-based automatic heuristic design has shown promise for generating executable heuristics for combinatorial optimization, but existing methods mainly rely on delayed endpoint performance. We propose a \emph{teacher-aware evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minyu Chen , Song Qin , Ling-I Wu , Jianxin Xue , Guoqiang Li

Recent advances in Large Language Models have led to remarkable achievements across a variety of Natural Language Processing tasks, making prompt engineering increasingly central to guiding model outputs. While manual methods can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wendi Cui , Zhuohang Li , Hao Sun , Damien Lopez , Kamalika Das , Bradley A. Malin , Sricharan Kumar , Jiaxin Zhang

Intrigued by the claims of emergent reasoning capabilities in LLMs trained on general web corpora, in this paper, we set out to investigate their planning capabilities. We aim to evaluate (1) how good LLMs are by themselves in generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Karthik Valmeekam , Sarath Sreedharan , Matthew Marquez , Alberto Olmo , Subbarao Kambhampati

Heuristics are commonly used to tackle various search and optimization problems. Design heuristics usually require tedious manual crafting with domain knowledge. Recent works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) into automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shunyu Yao , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Heuristic algorithms play a vital role in solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, yet traditional designs depend heavily on manual expertise and struggle to generalize across diverse instances. We introduce \textbf{HeurAgenix}, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xianliang Yang , Ling Zhang , Haolong Qian , Lei Song , Jiang Bian
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