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Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities across various tasks, they exhibit significant performance discrepancies across languages. While prompting LLMs in English typically yields the highest general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrew Ivan Soegeng , Patrick Sutanto , Tan Sang Nguyen

The main issue in Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is the poor performance of retrieval in terms of average precision when compared to monolingual retrieval performance. The main reasons behind poor performance of CLIR are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Saurabh Varshney , Jyoti Bajpai

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource and linguistically diverse languages remains a significant challenge in NLP, particularly for languages using non-Latin scripts like those spoken in India. Existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Sshubam Verma , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Vishwajeet Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen

Developing Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems for Indian languages has been a long-standing challenge, mainly owing to the requirement of a large amount of annotated clean training instances. This paper proposes an end-to-end framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Akshara Prabhakar , Gouri Sankar Majumder , Ashish Anand

With nearly 1.5 billion people and more than 120 major languages, India represents one of the most diverse regions in the world. As multilingual Vision-Language Models (VLMs) gain prominence, robust evaluation methodologies are essential to…

Sycophancy, the tendency of language models to prioritize agreement with user preferences over principled reasoning, has been identified as a persistent alignment failure in English-language evaluations. However, it remains unclear whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sarthak Sattigeri

Code-mixing, the blending of linguistic elements from distinct languages to form meaningful sentences, is common in multilingual settings, yielding hybrid languages like Hinglish and Minglish. Marathi, India's third most spoken language,…

Despite the considerable advancements in English LLMs, the progress in building comparable models for other languages has been hindered due to the scarcity of tailored resources. Our work aims to bridge this divide by introducing an…

In this paper, we introduce Neural Information Retrieval resources for 11 widely spoken Indian Languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu) from two major Indian language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Saiful Haq , Ashutosh Sharma , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Empirical evidence indicates that LLMs exhibit spontaneous cross-lingual alignment. However, although LLMs show promising cross-lingual alignment in Information Extraction (IE), a significant imbalance across languages persists,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuxin Zuo , Wenxuan Jiang , Wenxuan Liu , Zixuan Li , Long Bai , Hanbin Wang , Yutao Zeng , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

This study explores linguistic distinctions among American, Indian, and Irish English dialects and assesses various Language Models (LLMs) in their ability to generate British English translations from these dialects. Using cosine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Shruti Dutta , Shashwat Mookherjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, but their development has primarily focused on English and other high-resource languages, leaving many languages underserved. We present our latest Hindi-English bi-lingual…

Recent NLP advances focus primarily on standardized languages, leaving most low-resource dialects under-served especially in Indian scenarios. In India, the issue is particularly important: despite Hindi being the third most spoken language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Tarun Sharma , Manikandan Ravikiran , Sourava Kumar Behera , Pramit Bhattacharya , Arnab Bhattacharya , Rohit Saluja

Transliteration is a task in the domain of NLP where the output word is a similar-sounding word written using the letters of any foreign language. Today this system has been developed for several language pairs that involve English as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Yash Raj , Bhavesh Laddagiri

Vision-language models score well on mathematical, scientific, and spatial reasoning benchmarks, yet these evaluations are overwhelmingly English. I present the first cross-lingual visual reasoning audit for Indian languages. 980 questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Swastik R

The rapid growth of machine translation (MT) systems has necessitated comprehensive studies to meta-evaluate evaluation metrics being used, which enables a better selection of metrics that best reflect MT quality. Unfortunately, most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Ananya B. Sai , Vignesh Nagarajan , Tanay Dixit , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar , Mitesh M. Khapra

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) develop cross-lingual abilities despite being trained on limited parallel data. However, they often struggle to generate responses in the intended language, favoring high-resource languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Morteza Dehghani

Transformer-based models have revolutionized the field of natural language processing. To understand why they perform so well and to assess their reliability, several studies have focused on questions such as: Which linguistic properties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Akhilesh Aravapalli , Mounika Marreddy , Radhika Mamidi , Manish Gupta , Subba Reddy Oota

The rapid evolution of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced their real-world applications. However, achieving consistent performance across languages, especially when integrating cultural knowledge, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hao Wang , Pinzhi Huang , Jihan Yang , Saining Xie , Daisuke Kawahara

Cross-lingual Cross-modal Retrieval (CCR) is an essential task in web search, which aims to break the barriers between modality and language simultaneously and achieves image-text retrieval in the multi-lingual scenario with a single model.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Zhijie Nie , Richong Zhang , Zhangchi Feng , Hailang Huang , Xudong Liu