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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in robotic manipulation. However, their robustness to linguistic nuances remains a critical, under-explored safety concern, posing a significant safety risk to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Baoshun Tong , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as the next generation of models in robotics. However, despite leveraging powerful pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), existing end-to-end VLA systems often lose key capabilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhongyi Zhou , Yichen Zhu , Junjie Wen , Chaomin Shen , Yi Xu

Prevalent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically built upon Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and demonstrate exceptional proficiency in semantic understanding, but they inherently lack the capability to deduce physical…

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

Vision language action (VLA) models enable generalist robotic agents but often exhibit language ignorance, relying on visual shortcuts and remaining insensitive to instruction changes. We present Prospective Grounding and Alignment VLA…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nastaran Darabi , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a powerful approach to training control policies for physical systems, such as robots, by combining end-to-end learning with transfer of semantic knowledge from web-scale vision-language model…

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Recently, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance on a range of robotic tasks. These models rely on multimodal inputs, with language instructions playing a crucial role -- not only in predicting actions, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Wen-Han Hsieh , Elvis Hsieh , Dantong Niu , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig , David M. Chan

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are emerging as powerful tools for learning generalizable visuomotor control policies. However, current VLAs are mostly trained on large-scale image-text-action data and remain limited in two key ways:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenqi Liang , Gan Sun , Yao He , Jiahua Dong , Suyan Dai , Ivan Laptev , Salman Khan , Yang Cong

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have become increasingly popular in robot manipulation for their end-to-end design and remarkable performance. However, existing VLAs rely heavily on vision-language models (VLMs) that only support…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Wei Zhao , Pengxiang Ding , Min Zhang , Zhefei Gong , Shuanghao Bai , Han Zhao , Donglin Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into robotic actions. Despite their recent advancements,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tuan Van Vo , Tan Quang Nguyen , Khang Minh Nguyen , Duy Ho Minh Nguyen , Minh Nhat Vu

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to interpret natural language instructions and act coherently in visually rich environments. However, most existing methods rely on reactive state-action mappings without explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Weiye Zhu , Zekai Zhang , Xiangchen Wang , Hewei Pan , Teng Wang , Tiantian Geng , Rongtao Xu , Feng Zheng

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) achieve strong performance in general robotic manipulation tasks by scaling imitation learning. However, existing VLAs are limited to predicting short-sighted next-action, which struggle with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenkai Guo , Guanxing Lu , Haoyuan Deng , Zhenyu Wu , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained on large robot datasets promise general-purpose, robust control across diverse domains and embodiments. However, existing approaches often fail out-of-the-box when deployed in novel environments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruihan Zhao , Tyler Ingebrand , Sandeep Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Recent advances in robot manipulation have leveraged pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) and explored integrating 3D spatial signals into these models for effective action prediction, giving rise to the promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenyang Liu , Yongchong Gu , Yikai Wang , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

To operate effectively in the real world, robots should integrate multimodal reasoning with precise action generation. However, existing vision-language-action (VLA) models often sacrifice one for the other, narrow their abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shuai Yang , Hao Li , Bin Wang , Yilun Chen , Yang Tian , Tai Wang , Hanqing Wang , Feng Zhao , Yiyi Liao , Jiangmiao Pang

Pretraining Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies on internet-scale video is appealing, yet current latent-action objectives often learn the wrong thing: they remain anchored to pixel variation rather than action-relevant state transitions,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jingwen Sun , Wenyao Zhang , Zekun Qi , Shaojie Ren , Zezhi Liu , Hanxin Zhu , Guangzhong Sun , Xin Jin , Zhibo Chen