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This paper explores the utilization of Temporal Graph Networks (TGN) for financial anomaly detection, a pressing need in the era of fintech and digitized financial transactions. We present a comprehensive framework that leverages TGN,…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-02 Yejin Kim , Youngbin Lee , Minyoung Choe , Sungju Oh , Yongjae Lee

In shaping the Internet of Money, the application of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) to the financial sector triggered regulatory concerns. Notably, while the user anonymity enabled in this field may safeguard privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Nadia Pocher , Mirko Zichichi , Fabio Merizzi , Muhammad Zohaib Shafiq , Stefano Ferretti

Large time-varying graphs are increasingly common in financial, social and biological settings. Feature extraction that efficiently encodes the complex structure of sparse, multi-layered, dynamic graphs presents computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Umar Islambekov , Hasani Pathirana , Omid Khormali , Cuneyt Akcora , Ekaterina Smirnova

Many real-world IoT systems, which include a variety of internet-connected sensory devices, produce substantial amounts of multivariate time series data. Meanwhile, vital IoT infrastructures like smart power grids and water distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zekai Chen , Dingshuo Chen , Xiao Zhang , Zixuan Yuan , Xiuzhen Cheng

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to detect outliers in graph-structured data, has received increasing research attention recently. However, existing GAD methods assume identical training and testing distributions, which is rarely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junjun Pan , Yixin Liu , Chuan Zhou , Fei Xiong , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Shirui Pan

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to identify abnormal nodes that deviate from the majority, has become increasingly important in high-stakes Web domains. However, existing GAD methods follow a "one model per dataset" paradigm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yunhui Liu , Tieke He , Yongchao Liu , Can Yi , Hong Jin , Chuntao Hong

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has attracted increasing attention in recent years for identifying malicious samples in a wide range of graph-based applications, such as social media and e-commerce. However, most GAD methods assume identical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Junjun Pan , Yu Zheng , Yue Tan , Yixin Liu

Motivated by the recent surge of criminal activities with cross-cryptocurrency trades, we introduce a new topological perspective to structural anomaly detection in dynamic multilayer networks. We postulate that anomalies in the underlying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Dorcas Ofori-Boateng , Ignacio Segovia Dominguez , Murat Kantarcioglu , Cuneyt G. Akcora , Yulia R. Gel

Blockchain Business applications and cryptocurrencies such as enable secure, decentralized value transfer, yet their pseudonymous nature creates opportunities for illicit activity, challenging regulators and exchanges in anti money…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 M. Z. Haider , Tayyaba Noreen , M. Salman

Despite graph neural networks' (GNNs) great success in modelling graph-structured data, out-of-distribution (OOD) test instances still pose a great challenge for current GNNs. One of the most effective techniques to detect OOD nodes is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

The use of cryptocurrencies has led to an increase in illicit activities such as money laundering, with traditional rule-based approaches becoming less effective in detecting and preventing such activities. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hrushyang Adloori , Vaishnavi Dasanapu , Abhijith Chandra Mergu

Graph anomaly detection is crucial for identifying nodes that deviate from regular behavior within graphs, benefiting various domains such as fraud detection and social network. Although existing reconstruction-based methods have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Junwei He , Qianqian Xu , Yangbangyan Jiang , Zitai Wang , Qingming Huang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) aims to identify nodes or substructures whose behavior or attributes deviate significantly from the overall pattern in graph-structured data, with critical applications in financial risk control, social network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuxin Yang , Limei Hu , Feng Chen

Decentralized financial platforms rely heavily on Web of Trust reputation systems to mitigate counterparty risk in the absence of centralized identity verification. However, these pseudonymous networks are inherently vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chang Xue , Fang Liu , Jiaye Wang , Jinming Xing , Chen Yang

With the growing complexity of cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructures such as water treatment networks, there is a pressing need for robust anomaly detection strategies that account for both system vulnerabilities and evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Haoyue Bai , Dongjie Wang , Yanjie Fu

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has attracted increasing attention in machine learning and data mining. Recent works have mainly focused on how to capture richer information to improve the quality of node embeddings for GAD. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jingcan Duan , Pei Zhang , Siwei Wang , Jingtao Hu , Hu Jin , Jiaxin Zhang , Haifang Zhou , Xinwang Liu

Detecting anomalous nodes in attributed networks, where each node is associated with both structural connections and descriptive attributes, is essential for identifying fraud, misinformation, and suspicious behavior in domains such as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Apu Chakraborty , Anshul Kumar , Gagan Raj Gupta

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) has demonstrated great effectiveness in identifying unusual patterns within graph-structured data. However, while labeled anomalies are often scarce in emerging applications, existing supervised GAD approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Delaram Pirhayati , Arlei Silva

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) aims to identify nodes that deviate from normal patterns in structure or features. While recent GNN-based approaches have advanced this task, they struggle with two major challenges: 1) homophily disparity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunhui Liu , Qizhuo Xie , Yinfeng Chen , Xudong Jin , Tao Zheng , Bin Chong , Tieke He

The widespread application of graph data in various high-risk scenarios has increased attention to graph anomaly detection (GAD). Faced with real-world graphs that often carry node descriptions in the form of raw text sequences, termed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yiming Xu , Xu Hua , Zhen Peng , Bin Shi , Jiarun Chen , Xingbo Fu , Song Wang , Bo Dong