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Product search is one of the most popular methods for customers to discover products online. Most existing studies on product search focus on developing effective retrieval models that rank items by their likelihood to be purchased. They,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Qingyao Ai , Yongfeng Zhang , Keping Bi , W. Bruce Croft

Recent progress in deep learning has continuously improved the accuracy of dialogue response selection. In particular, sophisticated neural network architectures are leveraged to capture the rich interactions between dialogue context and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tian Lan , Deng Cai , Yan Wang , Yixuan Su , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

This paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding recent developments in information retrieval and natural language processing that attempts to integrate dense and sparse retrieval methods. I propose a representational approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Jimmy Lin

Cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) enables access to multilingual knowledge but remains challenging due to disparities in resources, scripts, and weak cross-lingual semantic alignment in embedding models. Existing pipelines often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roksana Goworek , Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Eda B. Özyiğit

Generative retrieval stands out as a promising new paradigm in text retrieval that aims to generate identifier strings of relevant passages as the retrieval target. This generative paradigm taps into powerful generative language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yongqi Li , Nan Yang , Liang Wang , Furu Wei , Wenjie Li

Reasoning-centric video object segmentation is an inherently complex task: the query often refers to dynamics, causality, and temporal interactions, rather than static appearances. Yet existing solutions generally collapse these factors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yifan Li , Yingda Yin , Lingting Zhu , Weikai Chen , Shengju Qian , Xin Wang , Yanwei Fu

Despite the advantages of their low-resource settings, traditional sparse retrievers depend on exact matching approaches between high-dimensional bag-of-words (BoW) representations of both the queries and the collection. As a result,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Dahlia Shehata , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke

Accurately retrieving relevant bid keywords for user queries is critical in Sponsored Search but remains challenging, particularly for short, ambiguous queries. Existing dense and generative retrieval models often fail to capture nuanced…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Akash Kumar Mohankumar , Gururaj K , Gagan Madan , Amit Singh

The goal of text-to-video retrieval is to search large databases for relevant videos based on text queries. Existing methods have progressed to handling explicit queries where the visual content of interest is described explicitly; however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yiqing Shen , Chenxiao Fan , Chenjia Li , Mathias Unberath

Existing summarization systems mostly generate summaries purely relying on the content of the source document. However, even for humans, we usually need some references or exemplars to help us fully understand the source document and write…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Chenxin An , Ming Zhong , Zhichao Geng , Jianqiang Yang , Xipeng Qiu

Sparse annotation poses persistent challenges to training dense retrieval models; for example, it distorts the training signal when unlabeled relevant documents are used spuriously as negatives in contrastive learning. To alleviate this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-24 George Zerveas , Navid Rekabsaz , Carsten Eickhoff

Reasoning machine reading comprehension (R-MRC) aims to answer complex questions that require discrete reasoning based on text. To support discrete reasoning, evidence, typically the concise textual fragments that describe question-related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yongwei Zhou , Junwei Bao , Haipeng Sun , Jiahui Liang , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou , Tiejun Zhao

Retrieval augmentation has become an effective solution to empower large language models (LLMs) with external and verified knowledge sources from the database, which overcomes the limitations and hallucinations of LLMs in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tong Wu , Yulei Qin , Enwei Zhang , Zihan Xu , Yuting Gao , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Dense passage retrieval (DPR) is the first step in the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLM). DPR fine-tunes pre-trained networks to enhance the alignment of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Benjamin Reichman , Larry Heck

Text entailment, the task of determining whether a piece of text logically follows from another piece of text, is a key component in NLP, providing input for many semantic applications such as question answering, text summarization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Vivian S. Silva , André Freitas , Siegfried Handschuh

Many use cases require retrieving smaller portions of text, and dense vector-based retrieval systems often perform better with shorter text segments, as the semantics are less likely to be over-compressed in the embeddings. Consequently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michael Günther , Isabelle Mohr , Daniel James Williams , Bo Wang , Han Xiao

Conversational retrieval refers to an information retrieval system that operates in an iterative and interactive manner, requiring the retrieval of various external resources, such as persona, knowledge, and even response, to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Hongru Wang , Boyang Xue , Baohang Zhou , Rui Wang , Fei Mi , Weichao Wang , Yasheng Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

This paper introduces xRAG, an innovative context compression method tailored for retrieval-augmented generation. xRAG reinterprets document embeddings in dense retrieval--traditionally used solely for retrieval--as features from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xin Cheng , Xun Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Tao Ge , Si-Qing Chen , Furu Wei , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel on complex problems but face a critical barrier to efficiency: reinforcement learning (RL) training requires long rollouts for outcome-based rewards, where autoregressive decoding dominates time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Hao Sun , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Cross-modal retrieval between videos and texts has attracted growing attentions due to the rapid emergence of videos on the web. The current dominant approach for this problem is to learn a joint embedding space to measure cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Shizhe Chen , Yida Zhao , Qin Jin , Qi Wu