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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables efficient fine-tuning of large language models but suffers from catastrophic forgetting when learned updates interfere with the dominant singular directions that encode essential pre-trained knowledge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yifeng Xiong , Xiaohui Xie

Recent large language models (LLM) exhibit sub-optimal performance on low-resource languages, as the training data of these models is usually dominated by English and other high-resource languages. Furthermore, it is challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zoltan Csaki , Pian Pawakapan , Urmish Thakker , Qiantong Xu

Recent work using pretrained transformers has shown impressive performance when fine-tuned with data from the downstream problem of interest. However, they struggle to retain that performance when the data characteristics changes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Martin Wistuba , Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , Lukas Balles , Giovanni Zappella

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become a standard tool for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). Yet, even minor LoRA updates can induce alignment drift, weakening safety and behavioral constraints through entangled parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Amitava Das , Abhilekh Borah , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an effective yet efficient solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLM). The modular and plug-and-play nature of LoRA enables the integration of diverse domain-specific LoRAs to enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ziyu Zhao , Leilei Gan , Guoyin Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

In recent decades, machine learning has provided valuable models and algorithms for processing and extracting knowledge from time-series surveys. Different classifiers have been proposed and performed to an excellent standard. Nevertheless,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-14 Francisco Pérez-Galarce , Karim Pichara , Pablo Huijse , Márcio Catelan , Domingo Mery

Parameter-efficient methods like LoRA have revolutionised large language model (LLM) fine-tuning. ReLoRA extends this idea to pretraining by repeatedly merging and reinitialising low-rank adapters, increasing cumulative rank while keeping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuval Weiss , David Demitri Africa , Paula Buttery , Richard Diehl Martinez

Large-scale pretraining followed by task-specific finetuning has achieved great success in various NLP tasks. Since finetuning all parameters of large pretrained models poses substantial computational and memory challenges, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ruiyi Zhang , Rushi Qiang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a new paradigm for cost-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, fine-tuned LLMs often become overconfident especially when fine-tuned on small datasets. Bayesian methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Adam X. Yang , Maxime Robeyns , Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient technique for rapidly fine-tuning foundation models. In standard LoRA training dynamics, models tend to quickly converge to a local optimum near the initialization. However, this local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Yulong Zhang , Wei Li , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

Low-rank adaptations (LoRA) are widely used to fine-tune large models across various domains for specific downstream tasks. While task-specific LoRAs are often available, concerns about data privacy and intellectual property can restrict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hongxu Chen , Runshi Li , Bowei Zhu , Zhen Wang , Long Chen

Customization generation techniques have significantly advanced the synthesis of specific concepts across varied contexts. Multi-concept customization emerges as the challenging task within this domain. Existing approaches often rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yang Yang , Wen Wang , Liang Peng , Chaotian Song , Yao Chen , Hengjia Li , Xiaolong Yang , Qinglin Lu , Deng Cai , Boxi Wu , Wei Liu

Supervised fine-tuning is the most common method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but full fine-tuning LLMs requires massive computational resources. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiangdi Meng , Damai Dai , Weiyao Luo , Zhe Yang , Shaoxiang Wu , Xiaochen Wang , Peiyi Wang , Qingxiu Dong , Liang Chen , Zhifang Sui

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the standard for fine-tuning large pre-trained models at reduced computational cost. However, its low-rank point-estimate updates limit expressiveness, leave a persistent gap relative to full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Coscia , Sindy Löwe , Max Welling

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method. However, its linear adaptation process limits its expressive power. This means there is a gap between the expressive power of linear training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiacheng Li , Jianchao Tan , Zhidong Yang , Feiye Huo , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai

Fine-tuning large-scale pretrained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational and memory costs. LoRA, as one of the most popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, offers a cost-effective alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shaowen Wang , Linxi Yu , Jian Li