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Reliability is key to realizing the promise of autonomous UI-Agents, multimodal agents that directly interact with apps in the same manner as humans, as users must be able to trust an agent to complete a given task. Current evaluations rely…

Recent progress in GUI agents has substantially improved visual grounding, yet robust planning remains challenging, particularly when the environment deviates from a canonical initial state. In real applications, users often invoke…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Kaiming Yang , Wendi Yu , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Large language model (LLM)-based mobile agents are increasingly popular due to their capability to interact directly with mobile phone Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) and their potential to autonomously manage daily tasks. Despite their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luyuan Wang , Yongyu Deng , Yiwei Zha , Guodong Mao , Qinmin Wang , Tianchen Min , Wei Chen , Shoufa Chen

Existing online benchmarks for mobile GUI agents remain largely app-centric and task-homogeneous, failing to reflect the diversity and instability of real-world mobile usage. To this end, we introduce VenusBench-Mobile, a challenging online…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yichen Gong , Zhuohan Cai , Sunhao Dai , Yuqi Zhou , Zhangxuan Gu , Changhua Meng , Shuheng Shen

The paper introduces GUI-Owl-1.5, the latest native GUI agent model that features instruct/thinking variants in multiple sizes (2B/4B/8B/32B/235B) and supports a range of platforms (desktop, mobile, browser, and more) to enable cloud-edge…

This paper introduces GUI-Owl, a foundational GUI agent model that achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source end-to-end models on ten GUI benchmarks across desktop and mobile environments, covering grounding, question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiabo Ye , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Haowei Liu , Junyang Wang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ziwei Zheng , Feiyu Gao , Junjie Cao , Zhengxi Lu , Jitong Liao , Qi Zheng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

Training embodied agents in simulation has become mainstream for the embodied AI community. However, these agents often struggle when deployed in the physical world due to their inability to generalize to real-world environments. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Matt Deitke , Rose Hendrix , Luca Weihs , Ali Farhadi , Kiana Ehsani , Aniruddha Kembhavi

Smartphone agents are increasingly important for helping users control devices efficiently, with (Multimodal) Large Language Model (MLLM)-based approaches emerging as key contenders. Fairly comparing these agents is essential but…

World models have shown great utility in improving the task performance of embodied agents. While prior work largely focuses on pixel-space world models, these approaches face practical limitations in GUI settings, where predicting complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in mobile agent development, yet their capabilities are predominantly confined to a reactive paradigm, where they merely execute explicit user commands. The emerging…

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed the development of mobile graphic user interface (GUI) AI agents, which is designed to autonomously perform tasks on mobile devices.…

Mobile GUI Agents, AI agents capable of interacting with mobile applications on behalf of users, have the potential to transform human computer interaction. However, current evaluation practices for GUI agents face two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Youngmin Im , Byeongung Jo , Jaeyoung Wi , Seungwoo Baek , Tae Hoon Min , Joo Hyung Lee , Sangeun Oh , Insik Shin , Sunjae Lee

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hanzhang Zhou , Xu Zhang , Panrong Tong , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Quyu Kong , Chenglin Cai , Chen Liu , Yue Wang , Jingren Zhou , Steven Hoi

We present app.build (https://github.com/neondatabase/appdotbuild-agent), an open-source framework that improves LLM-based application generation through systematic validation and structured environments. Our approach combines multi-layered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Evgenii Kniazev , Arseny Kravchenko , Igor Rekun , James Broadhead , Nikita Shamgunov , Pranav Sah , Pratik Nichite , Ivan Yamshchikov

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled the development of mobile agents that can understand visual inputs and follow user instructions, unlocking new possibilities for automating complex tasks on mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ning Li , Xiangmou Qu , Jiamu Zhou , Jun Wang , Muning Wen , Kounianhua Du , Xingyu Lou , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

Autonomous agents that control computer interfaces to accomplish human tasks are emerging. Leveraging LLMs to power such agents has been of special interest, but unless fine-tuned on human-collected task demonstrations, performance is still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Wei Li , William Bishop , Alice Li , Chris Rawles , Folawiyo Campbell-Ajala , Divya Tyamagundlu , Oriana Riva

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents can substantially improve productivity by automating frequently executed long-latency tasks on mobile devices. However, existing evaluation benchmarks are still constrained to limited applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Cao , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jingxuan Xing , Wei Jiang , Zekun Zhu , Junpeng Ma , Sashuai Zhou , Tong Lu , Jun Song , Yu Cheng , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

GUI agents drive applications through their visual interfaces instead of programmatic APIs, interacting with arbitrary software via taps, swipes, and keystrokes, reaching a long tail of applications that CLI-based agents cannot. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Fei Tang , Zhiqiong Lu , Boxuan Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Mobile GUI agents are becoming critical tools to improve user experience on smart devices, with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) emerging as the dominant paradigms in this domain. Current agents, however, rely on explicit human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qinglong Yang , Haoming Li , Haotian Zhao , Xiaokai Yan , Jingtao Ding , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in assistive tasks across various domains, including mobile device control. As these agents interact directly with personal information and device settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Juyong Lee , Dongyoon Hahm , June Suk Choi , W. Bradley Knox , Kimin Lee