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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful framework that unifies perception, language, and control, enabling robots to perform diverse tasks through multimodal understanding. However, current VLA models typically…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on current observations, including images, language instructions, and robot states, to predict actions and complete tasks. While accurate visual perception is crucial for precise action prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cheng Yang , Jianhao Jiao , Lingyi Huang , Jinqi Xiao , Zhexiang Tang , Yu Gong , Yibiao Ying , Yang Sui , Jintian Lin , Wen Huang , Bo Yuan

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in embodied tasks recently, but most methods process visual observations independently at each timestep. This history-agnostic design treats robot manipulation as a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lei Xiao , Jifeng Li , Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Yan Jin , Jingjing Qian , Jing Zhang , Yong Wu , Xiaoyuan Yu

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models improve action generation by conditioning policies on rich vision-language information. However, current auto-regressive policies are constrained by three bottlenecks: (1) architectural bias drives models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yichi Zhang , Weihao Yuan , Yizhuo Zhang , Xidong Zhang , Jia Wan

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into desired robotic actions. Despite their…

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have emerged as an effective paradigm for handling heterogeneous datasets during Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model pretraining, offering a unified action space across embodiments. However, existing LAMs often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qiwei Li , Xicheng Gong , Xinghang Li , Peiyan Li , Quanyun Zhou , Hangjun Ye , Jiahuan Zhou , Yadong Mu

Recent vision-language-action models (VLAs) build upon pretrained vision-language models and leverage diverse robot datasets to demonstrate strong task execution, language following ability, and semantic generalization. Despite these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Moo Jin Kim , Chelsea Finn , Percy Liang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. The execution of complex multi-step behaviors in VLA models can be improved by robust instruction grounding, a critical component…

Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models represent a paradigm shift in embodied AI, yet existing frameworks often struggle with imprecise spatial perception, suboptimal multimodal fusion, and instability in reinforcement learning. To bridge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haoxiang Jie , Yaoyuan Yan , Xiangyu Wei , Kailin Wang , Hongjie Yan , Zhiyou Heng , Daocheng Chen

Recent advances in vision-language-action (VLA) models have motivated the extension of their capabilities to embodied settings, where reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled way to optimize task success through interaction. However,…

Integrating visual-language instructions into visuomotor policies is gaining momentum in robot learning for enhancing open-world generalization. Despite promising advances, existing approaches face two challenges: limited language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wenhui Huang , Changhe Chen , Han Qi , Chen Lv , Yilun Du , Heng Yang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to control robots for manipulation from visual observations and natural-language instructions. However, existing hierarchical and autoregressive paradigms often introduce architectural overhead,…

With the development of Embodied Artificial intelligence, the end-to-end control policy such as Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model has become the mainstream. Existing VLA models faces expensive computing/storage cost, which need to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Feng Jiang , Zihao Zheng , Xiuping Cui , Maoliang Li , JIayu Chen , Xiang Chen

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Manipulating dynamic objects remains an open challenge for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, which, despite strong generalization in static manipulation, struggle in dynamic scenarios requiring rapid perception, temporal anticipation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Haozhe Xie , Beichen Wen , Jiarui Zheng , Zhaoxi Chen , Fangzhou Hong , Haiwen Diao , Ziwei Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in robotic manipulation,enabling robots to execute natural language commands through end-to-end learning from visual observations.However, deploying large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Omaisan , Ibrahim Sheikh Mohamed

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and generalization in embodied manipulation. However, their decision-making relies on a fast, instinctive process that lacks deliberation. This strategy often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Yichao Cao , Hongyan Xu , Xiaobo Xia , Shan You , Yi Chen , Chang Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to couple perception with robotic control, offering a promising path toward general-purpose embodied intelligence. However, current SOTA VLAs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yandu Chen , Kefan Gu , Yuqing Wen , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Liqiang Nie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are receiving increasing attention for their ability to enable robots to perform complex tasks by integrating visual context with linguistic commands. However, achieving efficient real-time performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 ByungOk Han , Jaehong Kim , Jinhyeok Jang