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Traffic signal control is of critical importance for the effective use of transportation infrastructures. The rapid increase of vehicle traffic and changes in traffic patterns make traffic signal control more and more challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Xingshuai Huang , Di Wu , Michael Jenkin , Benoit Boulet

Traffic accidents result in millions of injuries and fatalities globally, with a significant number occurring at intersections each year. Traffic Signal Control (TSC) is an effective strategy for enhancing safety at these urban junctures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingyuan Li , Chunyu Liu , Zhuojun Li , Xiao Liu , Guangsheng Yu , Bo Du , Jun Shen , Qiang Wu

We propose AttendLight, an end-to-end Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm for the problem of traffic signal control. Previous approaches for this problem have the shortcoming that they require training for each new intersection with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Afshin Oroojlooy , Mohammadreza Nazari , Davood Hajinezhad , Jorge Silva

Reinforcement learning (RL) is gaining popularity as an effective approach for traffic signal control (TSC) and is increasingly applied in this domain. However, most existing RL methodologies are confined to a single-stage TSC framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Liang Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Shubin Xie , Jianming Deng , Chen Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing traffic signal control (TSC) challenges. While most RL-based TSC systems typically employ an online approach, facilitating frequent active interaction with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Liang Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Jianming Deng , Chen Li

In this paper we revisit some of the fundamental premises for a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to self-learning traffic lights. We propose RLight, a combination of choices that offers robust performance and good generalization to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Sierk Kanis , Laurens Samson , Daan Bloembergen , Tim Bakker

Traffic signal control is safety-critical for our daily life. Roughly one-quarter of road accidents in the U.S. happen at intersections due to problematic signal timing, urging the development of safety-oriented intersection control.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Wenlu Du , Junyi Ye , Jingyi Gu , Jing Li , Hua Wei , Guiling Wang

Traffic signal control (TSC) is a core challenge in urban mobility, where real-time decisions must balance efficiency and safety. Existing methods - ranging from rule-based heuristics to reinforcement learning (RL) - often struggle to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Maonan Wang , Yirong Chen , Aoyu Pang , Yuxin Cai , Chung Shue Chen , Yuheng Kan , Man-On Pun

The emergence of reinforcement learning (RL) methods in traffic signal control tasks has achieved better performance than conventional rule-based approaches. Most RL approaches require the observation of the environment for the agent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Hao Mei , Junxian Li , Bin Shi , Hua Wei

We introduce Traffic-R1, a 3B-parameter foundation model with human-like reasoning for Traffic signal control (TSC), developed via self-exploration and iterative reinforcement of LLM with expert guidance in a simulated traffic environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xingchen Zou , Yuhao Yang , Zheng Chen , Xixuan Hao , Yiqi Chen , Chao Huang , Yuxuan Liang

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based Traffic Signal Control (TSC) methods have been extensively studied, their practical applications still raise some serious issues such as high learning cost and poor generalizability. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yutong Ye , Yingbo Zhou , Zhusen Liu , Xiao Du , Hao Zhou , Xiang Lian , Mingsong Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted increasing interest for adaptive traffic signal control due to its model-free ability to learn control policies directly from interaction with the traffic environment. However, several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dickens Kwesiga , Angshuman Guin , Khaled Abdelghany , Michael Hunter

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown significant potential in traffic signal control (TSC). However, current MARL-based methods often suffer from insufficient generalization due to the fixed traffic patterns and road network…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yihong Li , Chengwei Zhang , Furui Zhan , Wanting Liu , Kailing Zhou , Longji Zheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Traffic Signal Control (TSC) faces significant hurdles in real-world deployment due to limited generalization to dynamic traffic flow variations. Existing approaches often overfit static patterns and use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sheng-You Huang , Hsiao-Chuan Chang , Yen-Chi Chen , Ting-Han Wei , I-Hau Yeh , Sheng-Yao Kuan , Chien-Yao Wang , Hsuan-Han Lee , I-Chen Wu

Traffic signal control has a great impact on alleviating traffic congestion in modern cities. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used for this task in recent years, demonstrating promising performance but also facing many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Liwen Zhu , Peixi Peng , Zongqing Lu , Yonghong Tian

Efficient traffic signal control is critical for reducing traffic congestion and improving overall transportation efficiency. The dynamic nature of traffic flow has prompted researchers to explore Reinforcement Learning (RL) for traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Xingshuai Huang , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving (AD). However, RL suffers from sample inefficiency and a lack of semantic interpretability in complex scenarios. Foundation Models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yansong Qu , Zihao Sheng , Zilin Huang , Jiancong Chen , Yuhao Luo , Tianyi Wang , Yiheng Feng , Samuel Labi , Sikai Chen

Traffic signal control (TSC) is a core component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), aiming to reduce congestion, emissions, and travel time. Recent approaches based on reinforcement learning (RL) and large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Qing Guo , Xinhang Li , Junyu Chen , Zheng Guo , Shengzhe Xu , Lin Zhang , Lei Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for achieving autonomous driving due to robust decision-making capabilities. RL learns a driving policy through trial and error in traffic scenarios, guided by a reward function that…

Instruction-driven image editing with unified multimodal generative models has advanced rapidly, yet their underlying visual reasoning remains limited, leading to suboptimal performance on reasoning-centric edits. Reinforcement learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hengjia Li , Liming Jiang , Qing Yan , Yizhi Song , Hao Kang , Zichuan Liu , Xin Lu , Boxi Wu , Deng Cai
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