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Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) with generative large language models (LLMs) has recently demonstrated strong performance without task-specific fine-tuning, while also enabling the generation of synthetic feedback for educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Longwei Cong , Sonja Hahn , Sebastian Gombert , Leon Camus , Hendrik Drachsler , Ulf Kroehne

Consistent high-quality nursing care is essential for patient safety, yet current nursing education depends on subjective, time-intensive instructor feedback in training future nurses, which limits scalability and efficiency in their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shen Chang , Dennis Liu , Renran Tian , Kristen L. Swartzell , Stacie L. Klingler , Amy M. Nagle , Nan Kong

Aligning multimodal generative models with human preferences demands reward signals that respect the compositional, multi-dimensional structure of human judgment. Prevailing RLHF approaches reduce this structure to scalar or pairwise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Juanxi Tian , Fengyuan Liu , Jiaming Han , Yilei Jiang , Yongliang Wu , Yesheng Liu , Haodong Li , Furong Xu , Wanhua Li

LLM evaluation is challenging even the case of base models. In real world deployments, evaluation is further complicated by the interplay of task specific prompts and experiential context. At scale, bias evaluation is often based on short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jennifer Healey , Laurie Byrum , Md Nadeem Akhtar , Surabhi Bhargava , Moumita Sinha

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

Systematic literature review (SLR) is foundational to evidence-based research, enabling scholars to identify, classify, and synthesize existing studies to address specific research questions. Conducting an SLR is, however, largely a manual…

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has brought a critical need for high-quality human-labeled data, particularly for processes like human feedback and evaluation. A common practice is to label data via consensus annotation over human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Manya Wadhwa , Jifan Chen , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and multi-step problem solving. However, these agents struggle to adapt to specialized environments and do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Marc-Antoine Allard , Arnaud Teinturier , Victor Xing , Gautier Viaud

Automatic evaluation of natural language generation has long been an elusive goal in NLP.A recent paradigm fine-tunes pre-trained language models to emulate human judgements for a particular task and evaluation criterion. Inspired by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuhaib Mehri , Vered Shwartz

The prohibitive cost of evaluating large language models (LLMs) on comprehensive benchmarks necessitates the creation of small yet representative data subsets (i.e., tiny benchmarks) that enable efficient assessment while retaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andrew M. Bean , Nabeel Seedat , Shengzhuang Chen , Jonathan Richard Schwarz

The creation of systematic literature reviews (SLR) is critical for analyzing the landscape of a research field and guiding future research directions. However, retrieving and filtering the literature corpus for an SLR is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Lucas Joos , Daniel A. Keim , Maximilian T. Fischer

Psychological assessments commonly rely on rating-scale items, which require respondents to condense complex experiences into predefined categories. Although rich, unstructured text is often captured alongside these scales, it rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Joe Watson , Ivan O'Connor , Chia-Wen Chen , Luning Sun , Fang Luo , David Stillwell

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

Web filtering systems rely on accurate web content classification to block cyber threats, prevent data exfiltration, and ensure compliance. However, classification is increasingly difficult due to the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Naeem Rehmat , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Ijaz Ul Haq , Khalid Malik

With the rapid development of large language models (LLM), the evaluation of LLM becomes increasingly important. Measuring text generation tasks such as summarization and article creation is very difficult. Especially in specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kaiqi Zhang , Shuai Yuan , Honghan Zhao

Model-based evaluation is at the heart of successful model development -- as a reward model for training, and as a replacement for human evaluation. To train such evaluators, the standard approach is to collect a large amount of human…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Semantic feature norms, lists of features that concepts do and do not possess, have played a central role in characterizing human conceptual knowledge, but require extensive human labor. Large language models (LLMs) offer a novel avenue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Kushin Mukherjee , Siddharth Suresh , Timothy T. Rogers

We present Team asdfo123's submission to the LLMSR@XLLM25 shared task, which evaluates large language models on producing fine-grained, controllable, and interpretable reasoning processes. Systems must extract all problem conditions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xinye Li , Mingqi Wan , Dianbo Sui

Evaluating the abilities of learners is a fundamental objective in the field of education. In particular, there is an increasing need to assess higher-order abilities such as expressive skills and logical thinking. Constructed-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Masaki Uto , Yuma Ito