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Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) stands as the most widespread quantum error mitigation technique in order to aim the recovery of noise-free expectation values of observables of interest by means of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ)…

As a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, the variational quantum eigensolver is widely applied in quantum chemistry simulations, especially in computing the electronic structure of complex molecular systems. However, on existing noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Wanqi Sun , Jungang Xu , Chenghua Duan

Grover's quantum algorithm improves any classical search algorithm. We show how random Gaussian noise at each step of the algorithm can be modelled easily because of the exact recursion formulas available for computing the quantum amplitude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 B. Pablo-Norman , M. Ruiz-Altaba

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

In addition to readout errors, two-qubit gate noise is the main challenge for complex quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. These errors are a significant challenge for making accurate calculations for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Andre He , Benjamin Nachman , Wibe A. de Jong , Christian W. Bauer

Quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise on current quantum hardware without the need for fault-tolerant quantum error correction. For instance, the quasiprobability method simulates a noise-free quantum computer using a noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner

Finding ground states and low-lying excitations of a given Hamiltonian is one of the most important problems in many fields of physics. As a novel approach, quantum computing on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices offers the…

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections in quantum devices is one of the main challenges for viable quantum applications. In this article, we present different protocols, which we denote as "superposed quantum error mitigation",…

To get the best possible results from current quantum devices error mitigation is essential. In this work we present a simple but effective error mitigation technique based on the assumption that noise in a deep quantum circuit is well…

Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maksym Prodius , Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

Quantum Volume is a full-stack benchmark for near-term quantum computers. It quantifies the largest size of a square circuit which can be executed on the target device with reasonable fidelity. Error mitigation is a set of techniques…

We propose a quantum error mitigation method termed self-mitigation, which is comparable with zero-noise extrapolation, to achieve quantum utility on near-term, noisy quantum computers. We investigate the effectiveness of several quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Seokwon Choi , Talal Ahmed Chowdhury , Kwangmin Yu

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Characterization of quantum devices generates insights into their sources of disturbances. State-of-the-art characterization protocols often focus on incoherent noise and eliminate coherent errors when using Pauli or Clifford twirling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Noah Kaufmann , Ivan Rojkov , Florentin Reiter

In a recent work a quantum error mitigation protocol was applied to the expectation values obtained from circuits on the IBM Eagle quantum processor with up $127$ - qubits with up to $60 \; - \; \mbox{CNOT}$ layers. To benchmark the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Sajant Anand , Kristan Temme , Abhinav Kandala , Michael Zaletel

Amplitude amplification provides a quadratic speed-up for an array of quantum algorithms when run on a quantum machine perfectly isolated from its environment. However, the advantage is substantially diminished as the NISQ-era quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Debashis Ganguly , Wonsun Ahn

This letter generalizes noise modulation by introducing two voltage biases and employing non-Gaussian noise distributions, such as Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) and Laplacian, in addition to traditional Gaussian noise. The proposed framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Mohammad Salman , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

Digital zero-noise extrapolation (dZNE) has emerged as a common approach for quantum error mitigation (QEM) due to its conceptual simplicity, accessibility, and resource efficiency. In practice, however, properly applying dZNE to extend the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-21 Ritajit Majumdar , Pedro Rivero , Friederike Metz , Areeq Hasan , Derek S Wang

We present a simple, malleable and low-overhead approach for improving generic biased quantum error mitigation (QEM) methods, achieving up to 15% fidelity improvements over standard QEM on 100-qubit circuits with up to 2000 entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Joseph Harris , Kevin Lively , Peter Schuhmacher

We study the classical simulability of noisy random quantum circuits under general noise models. While various classical algorithms for simulating noisy random circuits have been proposed, many of them rely on the anticoncentration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Su-un Lee , Soumik Ghosh , Changhun Oh , Kyungjoo Noh , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang