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Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

A fault-tolerant quantum computation requires an efficient means to detect and correct errors that accumulate in encoded quantum information. In the context of machine learning, neural networks are a promising new approach to quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 P. Baireuther , T. E. O'Brien , B. Tarasinski , C. W. J. Beenakker

Standard approaches to quantum error correction (QEC) require active maintenance using measurements and classical processing. Passive QEC, by contrast, has so far been established only in unphysical spatial dimensions. Here, we give an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Gesa Dünnweber , Georgios Styliaris , Rahul Trivedi

Noise is the greatest obstacle in quantum metrology that limits it achievable precision and sensitivity. There are many techniques to mitigate the effect of noise, but this can never be done completely. One commonly proposed technique is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Nathan Shettell , William J. Munro , Damian Markham , Kae Nemoto

This is an introduction to software methods of quantum fault tolerance. Broadly speaking, these methods describe strategies for using the noisy hardware components of a quantum computer to perform computations while continually monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-06 Panos Aliferis

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

The design and performance analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) codes are often based on incoherent and independent noise models since it is easy to simulate. However, these models fail to capture realistic hardware noise sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Zeyuan Zhou , Andrew Ji , Yongshan Ding

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its practical implementation remains a major engineering challenge. In particular, QEC demands precise real-time control of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Junyi Liu , Yi Lee , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Xiaodi Wu

Reliability is fundamental for developing large-scale quantum computers. Since the benefit of technological advancements to the qubit's stability is saturating, algorithmic solutions, such as quantum error correction (QEC) codes, are needed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Gioele Casagranda , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

Quantum error correction plays a critical role in enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum information from noise. While general-purpose quantum error correction codes are designed to address a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Nirupam Basak , Andrew Tanggara , Ankith Mohan , Goutam Paul , Kishor Bharti

Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi

Quantum error correcting codes have been shown to have the ability of making quantum information resilient against noise. Here we show that we can use quantum error correcting codes as diagnostics to characterise noise. The experiment is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Laforest , D. Simon , J. -C. Boileau , J. Baugh , M. Ditty , R. Laflamme

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Controlling operational errors and decoherence is one of the major challenges facing the field of quantum computation and other attempts to create specified many-particle entangled states. The field of quantum error correction has developed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

The Quantum Computer Condition (QCC) provides a rigorous and completely general framework for carrying out analyses of questions pertaining to fault-tolerance in quantum computers. In this paper we apply the QCC to the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerald Gilbert , Michael Hamrick , F. Javier Thayer , Yaakov S. Weinstein

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

Quantum error correction is believed to be a necessity for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. In the past two decades, various constructions of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) have been developed, leading to many good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Chenfeng Cao , Chao Zhang , Zipeng Wu , Markus Grassl , Bei Zeng

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require error rates far below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) bridges this gap, but depends on decoders being simultaneously fast, accurate, and scalable. This…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving low error rates required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. In stabilizer-based codes such as the surface code, errors are inferred from repeated syndrome measurements and…

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to mitigate the loss of quantum information to the environment, which is a critical requirement for practical quantum computing. Existing QEC implementations heavily rely on measurement-based feedback,…