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The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Anonymity systems such as Tor aim to enable users to communicate in a manner that is untraceable by adversaries that control a small number of machines. To provide efficient service to users, these anonymity systems make full use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Prateek Mittal , Ahmed Khurshid , Joshua Juen , Matthew Caesar , Nikita Borisov

The Tor network enhances clients' privacy by routing traffic through an overlay network of volunteered intermediate relays. Tor employs a distributed protocol among nine hard-coded Directory Authority (DA) servers to securely disseminate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhongtang Luo , Adithya Bhat , Kartik Nayak , Aniket Kate

Strategies related to the blockchain concept of Extractable Value (MEV/BEV), such as arbitrage, front-, or back-running create strong economic incentives for network nodes to reduce latency. Modified nodes, that minimize transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Taro Tsuchiya , Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Arthur Gervais , Nicolas Christin

Ethereum smart contracts are public, immutable and distributed and, as such, they are prone to vulnerabilities sourcing from programming mistakes of developers. This paper presents SAFEVM, a verification tool for Ethereum smart contracts…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

Eclipse attacks isolate blockchain nodes by monopolizing their peer-to-peer connections. The attacks were extensively studied in Bitcoin (SP'15, SP'20, CCS'21, SP'23) and Monero (NDSS'25), but their practicality against Ethereum nodes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ruisheng Shi , Yuxuan Liang , Zijun Guo , Qin Wang , Lina Lan , Chenfeng Wang , Zhuoyi Zheng

Ethereum is a decentralized Blockchain system that supports the execution of Turing-complete smart contracts. Although the security of the Ethereum ecosystem has been studied in the past, the network layer has been mostly neglected. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Sebastian Henningsen , Daniel Teunis , Martin Florian , Björn Scheuermann

Anonymous VoIP calls over the Internet holds great significance for privacy-conscious users, whistle-blowers and political activists alike. Prior research deems popular anonymization systems like Tor unsuitable for providing requisite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Piyush Kumar Sharma , Shashwat Chaudhary , Nikhil Hassija , Mukulika Maity , Sambuddho Chakravarty

Smart contracts play a vital role in the Ethereum ecosystem. Due to the prevalence of kinds of security issues in smart contracts, the smart contract verification is urgently needed, which is the process of matching a smart contract's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Pengxiang Ma , Ningyu He , Yuhua Huang , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo

The Tor anonymous network has become quite popular with regular users on the Internet. In the Tor network, an anonymous path is created by selecting three relays through which the connection is redirected. Nevertheless, as the number of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Sadegh Momeni Milajerdi , Mehdi Kharrazi

One of the main challenges faced by a user today is protecting their privacy, especially during widespread surveil- lance. This led to the development of privacy infrastructures whose main purpose is to guarantee users privacy. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Nethra Balasubramanian

Increasingly, information systems rely on computational, storage, and network resources deployed in third-party facilities such as cloud centers and edge nodes. Such an approach further exacerbates cybersecurity concerns constantly raised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Runhua Xu , Chao Li , James Joshi

With the rapid increase of threats on the Internet, people are continuously seeking privacy and anonymity. Services such as Bitcoin and Tor were introduced to provide anonymity for online transactions and Web browsing. Due to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Husam Al Jawaheri , Mashael Al Sabah , Yazan Boshmaf , Aiman Erbad

Online services that desire to operate anonymously routinely host themselves as 'Hidden Services' in the Tor network. However, these services are frequently threatened by deanonymization attacks, whereby their IP address and location may be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Humza Ikram , Rumaisa Habib , Muaz Ali , Zartash Afzal Uzmi

The perpetual growth of data stored on popular blockchains such as Ethereum leads to significant scalability challenges and substantial storage costs for operators of full nodes. Increasing costs may lead to fewer independently operated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ruben Hias , Weihong Wang , Jan Vanhoof , Tom Van Cutsem

Data owners upload large files to cloud storage servers, but malicious servers may potentially tamper data. To check integrity of remote data, Proof of Retrievability (PoR) schemes were introduced. Existing PoR protocols assume that data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Prabal Banerjee , Nishant Nikam , Subhra Mazumdar , Sushmita Ruj

Recently, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms on Ethereum are booming, and numerous traders are trying to capitalize on the opportunity for maximizing their benefits by launching front-running attacks and extracting Miner Extractable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Xingyu Lyu , Mengya Zhang , Xiaokuan Zhang , Jianyu Niu , Yinqian Zhang , Zhiqiang Lin

Consensus algorithms facilitate agreement on and resolution of blockchain functions, such as smart contracts and transactions. Ethereum uses a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which depends on financial incentives to ensure that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Alpesh Bhudia , Anna Cartwright , Edward Cartwright , Darren Hurley-Smith , Julio Hernandez-Castro

Anonymity networks hide user identities with the help of relayed anonymity routers. However, the state-of-the-art anonymity networks do not provide an effective trust model. As a result, users cannot circumvent malicious or vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Peng Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Ang Chen , Rocky K. C. Chang

Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha