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Recent advances have shown the effectiveness of self-evolving LLM agents on tasks such as program repair and scientific discovery. In this paradigm, a planner LLM synthesizes an agent program that invokes parametric models, including LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Debangshu Banerjee , Changming Xu , Eugene Ie , Ming Zhang , Daiyi Peng , Chu-Cheng Lin , Gagandeep Singh

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

We investigate the internal behavior of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) when they generate factually incorrect text. We propose modeling factual queries as constraint satisfaction problems and use this framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Mert Yuksekgonul , Varun Chandrasekaran , Erik Jones , Suriya Gunasekar , Ranjita Naik , Hamid Palangi , Ece Kamar , Besmira Nushi

This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to assist in the development of new disease modules for Synthea, an open-source synthetic health data generator. Incorporating LLMs into the module development process has the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mark A. Kramer , Aanchal Mathur , Caroline E. Adams , Jason A. Walonoski

In the absence of abundant reliable annotations for challenging tasks and contexts, how can we expand the frontier of LLM capabilities with potentially wrong answers? We focus on two research questions: (1) Can LLMs generate reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jihan Yao , Wenxuan Ding , Shangbin Feng , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov

Contemporary automated scientific discovery has focused on agents for generating scientific experiments, while systems that perform higher-level scientific activities such as theory building remain underexplored. In this work, we formulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peter Jansen , Peter Clark , Doug Downey , Daniel S. Weld

The field of meta-learning has seen a dramatic rise in interest in recent years. In existing meta-learning approaches, learning tasks for training meta-models are usually collected from public datasets, which brings the difficulty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Zhaoyang Hai , Xiabi Liu , Yuchen Ren , Nouman Q. Soomro

People use large language models (LLMs) when they should not. This is partly because they see LLMs compose poems and answer intricate questions, so they understandably, but incorrectly, assume LLMs won't stumble on basic tasks like simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Nathan Stringham , Fateme Hashemi Chaleshtori , Xinyuan Yan , Zhichao Xu , Bei Wang , Ana Marasović

Language Models (LMs) continue to advance, improving response quality and coherence. Given Internet-scale training datasets, LMs have likely encountered much of what users may ask them to generate in some form during their training. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Michael Majurski , Cynthia Matuszek

The increasing reliance on large language models (LLMs) in academic writing has led to a rise in plagiarism. Existing AI-generated text classifiers have limited accuracy and often produce false positives. We propose a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mujahid Ali Quidwai , Chunhui Li , Parijat Dube

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong mathematical problem-solving abilities but frequently fail on problems that deviate syntactically from their training distribution. We identify a systematic failure mode, syntactic blind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dane Williamson , Yangfeng Ji , Matthew Dwyer

To ensure large language models (LLMs) are used safely, one must reduce their propensity to hallucinate or to generate unacceptable answers. A simple and often used strategy is to first let the LLM generate multiple hypotheses and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 António Farinhas , Haau-Sing Li , André F. T. Martins

Machine learning (ML) holds great promise for clinical applications but is often hindered by limited access to high-quality data due to privacy concerns, high costs, and long timelines associated with clinical trials. While large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zerui Xu , Fang Wu , Yingzhou Lu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhao

Numerous methods have been proposed to measure LLM misgendering, including probability-based evaluations (e.g., automatically with templatic sentences) and generation-based evaluations (e.g., with automatic heuristics or human validation).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arjun Subramonian , Vagrant Gautam , Preethi Seshadri , Dietrich Klakow , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), defined as fluent yet incorrect or incoherent outputs, pose a significant challenge to the automatic generation of educational multiple-choice questions (MCQs). We identified four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nicholas X. Wang , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Standard classification models often map inputs directly to labels without explicit reasoning, potentially limiting their performance, robustness, and interpretability. This paper introduces a novel two-stage approach to enhance text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Mads Henrichsen , Rasmus Krebs

Reinforcement learning has become the dominant paradigm for eliciting reasoning and self-correction capabilities in large language models, but its computational expense motivates exploration of alternatives. Inspired by techniques from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 David X. Wu , Shreyas Kapur , Anant Sahai , Stuart Russell

Recent studies have applied large language models (LLMs) to machine translation quality estimation (MTQE) by prompting models to assign numeric scores. Nonetheless, these direct scoring methods tend to show low segment-level correlation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hyang Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating synthetic data, but ensuring its quality and diversity remains challenging. We propose Genetic Prompt, a novel framework that combines genetic algorithms with LLMs to augment synthetic data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Guangzeng Han , Weisi Liu , Xiaolei Huang