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Retrieval is increasingly moving from one-shot matching toward interactive reasoning, where language agents iteratively inspect evidence, reformulate queries, and search again. Training such agents raises a credit-assignment challenge:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingchen Li , Hansi Zeng , Zhuo Qian , Jiatan Huang , Hamed Zamani , Hong Yu

Recent work on domain-specific reasoning with large language models (LLMs) often relies on training-intensive approaches that require parameter updates. While activation steering has emerged as a parameter efficient alternative, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wencheng Ye , Xiaoyang Yuan , Yi Bin , Pengpeng Zeng , Hengyu Jin , Liang Peng , Heng Tao Shen

Pre-trained language models have shown stellar performance in various downstream tasks. But, this usually comes at the cost of high latency and computation, hindering their usage in resource-limited settings. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Ali Modarressi , Hosein Mohebbi , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

In large-scale LLM pre-training systems with 100k+ GPUs, failures become the norm rather than the exception, and restart costs can dominate wall-clock training time. However, existing fault-tolerance mechanisms are largely unprepared for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jin Lee , Zhonghao Chen , Xuhang He , Robert Underwood , Bogdan Nicolae , Franck Cappello , Xiaoyi Lu , Sheng Di , Zheng Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the de facto method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), enabling rapid adaptation to diverse domains. In production, LoRA-based models are served at scale, creating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shashwat Jaiswal , Shrikara Arun , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Spyros Mastorakis , Alind Khare , Chloi Alverti , Renee St Amant , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Josep Torrellas

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at multi-step reasoning but often suffer from inefficient reasoning processes like overthinking and overshoot, where excessive or misdirected reasoning increases computational cost and degrades…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Qianyue Wang , Jinwu Hu , Yufeng Wang , Huanxiang Lin , Bolin Chen , Zhiquan Wen , Yaofo Chen , Mingkui Tan

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has become a standard approach for training mathematical reasoning models; however, its reliance on multiple completions per prompt makes training computationally expensive. Although recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Kangda Wei , Ruihong Huang

Diffusion and flow matching policies offer expressive, multimodal action modeling, yet they are frequently unstable in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to intractable likelihoods and gradients propagating through long sampling chains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chubin Zhang , Zhenglin Wan , Feng Chen , Fuchao Yang , Lang Feng , Yaxin Zhou , Xingrui Yu , Yang You , Ivor Tsang , Bo An

In this letter, we investigate the discrete phase shift design of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in a time division duplexing (TDD) multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system.We modify the design of deep reinforcement…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Fengyu Zhao , Wen Chen , Ziwei Liu , Jun Li , Qingqing Wu

We present a two-step hybrid reinforcement learning (RL) policy that is designed to generate interpretable and robust hierarchical policies on the RL problem with graph-based input. Unlike prior deep reinforcement learning policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Tongzhou Mu , Kaixiang Lin , Feiyang Niu , Govind Thattai

Reinforcement learning fine-tuning has become the dominant approach for aligning diffusion models with human preferences. However, assessing images is intrinsically a multi-dimensional task, and multiple evaluation criteria need to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Canyu Zhao , Hao Chen , Yunze Tong , Yu Qiao , Jiacheng Li , Chunhua Shen

LoRa networks are pivotally enabling Long Range connectivity to low-cost and power-constrained user equipments (UEs) in a wide area, whereas a critical issue is to effectively allocate wireless resources to support potentially massive UEs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Jiangbin Lyu , Dan Yu , Liqun Fu

The new paradigm of test-time scaling has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) (e.g. reasoning models) and in generative vision models, allowing models to allocate additional computation during inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Nataniel Ruiz , Zeynep Akata

Transformer models can face practical limitations due to their high computational requirements. At the same time, such models exhibit significant activation sparsity, which can be leveraged to reduce the inference cost by converting parts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Filip Szatkowski , Bartosz Wójcik , Mikołaj Piórczyński , Simone Scardapane

The Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) model is a widespread distributed and integrated learning method for large language models (LLM), which is favored due to its ability to sparsify and expand models efficiently. However, the performance of MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Xuan He , Li Zeng , Yi Lin , Entong Li , Binfan Zheng , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

Scaling video diffusion transformers is fundamentally bottlenecked by two compounding costs: the expensive quadratic complexity of attention per step, and the iterative sampling steps. In this work, we propose EFlow, an efficient few-step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dogyun Park , Yanyu Li , Sergey Tulyakov , Anil Kag

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance in solving complex problems via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). Although existing RL algorithms significantly enhance model accuracy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zezhong Tan , Hang Gao , Xinhong Ma , Feng Zhang , Ziqiang Dong

This paper studies the computational offloading of CNN inference in dynamic multi-access edge computing (MEC) networks. To address the uncertainties in communication time and Edge servers' available capacity, we use early-exit mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Nan Li , Alexandros Iosifidis , Qi Zhang

Diffusion Policies have demonstrated impressive performance in robotic manipulation tasks. However, their long inference time, resulting from an extensive iterative denoising process, and the need to execute an action chunk before the next…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yufei Duan , Hang Yin , Danica Kragic

Diffusion and flow-matching models scale because pretraining is supervised regression: a clean sample is noised analytically, and a model regresses against a closed-form target. RL post-training aligns the model with a reward. In image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andreas Bergmeister , Stefanie Jegelka , Nikolas Nüsken , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Jakiw Pidstrigach