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When training deep neural networks, a model's generalization error is often observed to follow a power scaling law dependent both on the model size and the data size. Perhaps the best known example of such scaling laws are for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alex Havrilla , Wenjing Liao

Scaling laws for language model training traditionally characterize how performance scales with model size and dataset volume. Prior work has explored architecture variants and data treatments such as dataset filtering and noise injection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Anirudh Subramanyam , Yuxin Chen , Robert L. Grossman

Scaling laws have been used to describe how large language model (LLM) performance scales with model size, training data size, or amount of computational resources. Motivated by the fact that neural quantum states (NQS) has increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Oliver Knitter , Dan Zhao , Stefan Leichenauer , Shravan Veerapaneni

Scaling laws in language modeling traditionally quantify training loss as a function of dataset size and model parameters, providing compute-optimal estimates but often neglecting the impact of data quality on model generalization. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ernie Chang , Matteo Paltenghi , Yang Li , Pin-Jie Lin , Changsheng Zhao , Patrick Huber , Zechun Liu , Rastislav Rabatin , Yangyang Shi , Vikas Chandra

Deep neural networks exhibit empirical neural scaling laws, with error decreasing as a power law with increasing model or data size, across a wide variety of architectures, tasks, and datasets. This universality suggests that scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ari Brill

Recent work has identified simple empirical scaling laws for language models, linking compute budget, dataset size, model size, and autoregressive modeling loss. The validity of these simple power laws across orders of magnitude in model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Amélie Chatelain , Amine Djeghri , Daniel Hesslow , Julien Launay , Iacopo Poli

Running faster will only get you so far -- it is generally advisable to first understand where the roads lead, then get a car ... The renaissance of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) over the last decade is accompanied by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Jonathan S. Rosenfeld

Generalization abilities of well-trained large language models (LLMs) are known to scale predictably as a function of model size. In contrast to the existence of practical scaling laws governing pre-training, the quality of LLMs after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zifei Xu , Alexander Lan , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Sayeh Sharify , Xin Wang

Scaling law that rewards large datasets, complex models and enhanced data granularity has been observed in various fields of deep learning. Yet, studies on time series forecasting have cast doubt on scaling behaviors of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Jingzhe Shi , Qinwei Ma , Huan Ma , Lei Li

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Scaling laws in deep learning -- empirical power-law relationships linking model performance to resource growth -- have emerged as simple yet striking regularities across architectures, datasets, and tasks. These laws are particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Matteo Negri

The use of machine learning models in system identification has increased due to their ability to approximate complex nonlinear dynamics with high accuracy. However, often it is not clear how the performance of trained models scales with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Marco Roschkowski , Karim Cherifi , Hannes Gernandt

Neural scaling laws describe how the performance of deep neural networks scales with key factors such as training data size, model complexity, and training time, often following power-law behaviors over multiple orders of magnitude. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roman Worschech , Bernd Rosenow

The scaling law is becoming a fundamental law in many machine learning areas. That is, test error falls off with the power law when increasing training data, model size, and computing resource. However, whether this law is suitable for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiayi Lin , Hande Dong , Yutao Xie , Lei Zhang

The scaling law has been validated in various domains, such as natural language processing (NLP) and massive computer vision tasks; however, its application to motion generation remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Shunlin Lu , Jingbo Wang , Zeyu Lu , Ling-Hao Chen , Wenxun Dai , Junting Dong , Zhiyang Dou , Bo Dai , Ruimao Zhang

We propose the Quantization Model of neural scaling laws, explaining both the observed power law dropoff of loss with model and data size, and also the sudden emergence of new capabilities with scale. We derive this model from what we call…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Eric J. Michaud , Ziming Liu , Uzay Girit , Max Tegmark

Recent works have shown that machine learning models improve at a predictable rate with the total amount of training data, leading to scaling laws that describe the relationship between error and dataset size. These scaling laws can help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ian Covert , Wenlong Ji , Tatsunori Hashimoto , James Zou

Neural scaling laws have driven significant advancements in machine learning, particularly in domains like language modeling and computer vision. However, the exploration of neural scaling laws within robotics has remained relatively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sebastian Sartor , Neil Thompson

Learning arguably involves the discovery and memorization of abstract rules. The aim of this paper is to study associative memory mechanisms. Our model is based on high-dimensional matrices consisting of outer products of embeddings, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-22 Vivien Cabannes , Elvis Dohmatob , Alberto Bietti

Neural scaling laws predict how language model performance improves with increased training inputs. While aggregate metrics like validation loss can follow smooth power-law curves, individual downstream tasks exhibit diverse scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Michael Y. Hu , Jane Pan , Ayush Rajesh Jhaveri , Nicholas Lourie , Kyunghyun Cho