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The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

Traditional cybersecurity tabletop exercises (TTXs) provide valuable training but are often scripted, resource-intensive, and difficult to scale. We introduce AgentBnB, a browser-based re-imagining of the Backdoors & Breaches game that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Arman Anwar , Zefang Liu

Language model deployments in consumer-facing applications introduce numerous risks. While existing research on harms and hazards of such applications follows top-down approaches derived from regulatory frameworks and theoretical analyses,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pierre Le Jeune , Jiaen Liu , Luca Rossi , Matteo Dora

Large language models increasingly operate as autonomous agents that select and invoke tools from large registries. We identify a critical gap: when unauthorized tools are visible in an agent's context, models select them in adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rohith Uppala

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in practice across a wide range of autonomous applications. Yet current safety mechanisms for LLM agents focus almost exclusively on preventing failures in advance, providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zibo Xiao , Jun Sun , Junjie Chen

Large foundation models are integrated into Computer Use Agents (CUAs), enabling autonomous interaction with operating systems through graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to perform complex tasks. This autonomy introduces serious security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wenqi Zhang , Yulin Shen , Changyue Jiang , Jiarun Dai , Geng Hong , Xudong Pan

Large language model (LLM) agents are widely deployed in real-world applications, where they leverage tools to retrieve and manipulate external data for complex tasks. However, when interacting with untrusted data sources (e.g., fetching…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Hengyu An , Jinghuai Zhang , Tianyu Du , Chunyi Zhou , Qingming Li , Tao Lin , Shouling Ji

As large language models transition from bounded generative engines to agents with expansive execution privileges, AI going out of control precipitates a fundamental crisis in artificial intelligence security. Existing defense architectures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Benlong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) and their applications, such as agents, are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. State-of-the-art prompt injection detection methods have the following limitations: (1) their effectiveness degrades…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yanting Wang , Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia

Agents are LLM-driven components that can mutate environments in powerful, arbitrary ways. Extracting guarantees for the execution of agents in production environments can be challenging due to asynchrony and failures. In this paper, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mahesh Balakrishnan , Ashwin Bharambe , Davide Testuggine , David Geraghty , David Mao , Vidhya Venkat , Ilya Mironov , Rithesh Baradi , Gayathri Aiyer , Victoria Dudin

This paper presents an architecture for simulating the actions of a norm-aware intelligent agent whose behavior with respect to norm compliance is set, and can later be changed, by a human controller. Updating an agent's behavior mode from…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sean Glaze , Daniela Inclezan

Modern AI assistants are agentic. To answer a single user request, the underlying language model pulls in information from many sources, such as web searches, retrieved documents, tool outputs, and user follow-ups, and reasons over them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yash Narendra

AI agents are increasingly embedded in real software systems, where they execute multi-step workflows through multi-turn dialogue, tool invocations, and intermediate decisions. These long execution histories, called agentic traces, make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Reshabh K Sharma , Shraddha Barke , Benjamin Zorn

Autonomous AI agents increasingly issue side-effect-bearing actions: database mutations, refunds, payments, external commitments. We propose the Actuarial Action Interface (AAI), a deterministic runtime contract that prices each such action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hao-Hsuan Chen

Control evaluations measure whether monitoring and security protocols for AI systems prevent intentionally subversive AI models from causing harm. Our work presents the first control evaluation performed in an agent environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Aryan Bhatt , Cody Rushing , Adam Kaufman , Tyler Tracy , Vasil Georgiev , David Matolcsi , Akbir Khan , Buck Shlegeris

Language model (LM) agents have demonstrated significant potential for automating real-world tasks, yet they pose a diverse array of potential, severe risks in safety-critical scenarios. In this work, we identify a significant gap between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuzhi Tang , Tianxiao Li , Elizabeth Li , Chris J. Maddison , Honghua Dong , Yangjun Ruan

Autonomous agents can produce harmful behavioral patterns from individually valid requests -- a threat class per-request policy evaluation cannot address, because stateless engines evaluate each request in isolation. We present ACP, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Marcelo Fernandez

Autonomous agents powered by foundation models have seen widespread adoption across various real-world applications. However, they remain highly vulnerable to malicious instructions and attacks, which can result in severe consequences such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhaorun Chen , Mintong Kang , Bo Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems but often struggle with long, conditional workflows that involve external tool calls and depend on user-specific information. We present Workflow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maria Emilia Mazzolenis , Ruirui Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to be increasingly applied across various domains, their widespread adoption necessitates rigorous monitoring to prevent unintended negative consequences and ensure robustness. Furthermore, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Seshu Tirupathi , Dhaval Salwala , Elizabeth Daly , Inge Vejsbjerg