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The average reward is a fundamental performance metric in reinforcement learning (RL) focusing on the long-run performance of an agent. Differential temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms are a major advance for average reward RL as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ethan Blaser , Jiuqi Wang , Shangtong Zhang

Nowadays, users open multiple accounts on social media platforms and e-commerce sites, expressing their personal preferences on different domains. However, users' behaviors change across domains, depending on the content that users interact…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Dimitrios Rafailidis , Gerhard Weiss

Accurate value estimates are important for off-policy reinforcement learning. Algorithms based on temporal difference learning typically are prone to an over- or underestimation bias building up over time. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nicolai Dorka , Tim Welschehold , Joschka Boedecker , Wolfram Burgard

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can be framed as a 3-order binary tensor completion task. Tensor decomposition-based (TDB) models have demonstrated strong performance in KGC. In this paper, we provide a summary of existing TDB models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Changyi Xiao , Yixin Cao

Adaptive control of Euler-Lagrange systems is challenging when friction is governed by a finite-horizon internal state that is not directly observable from joint measurements. In this setting, the measured closed-loop state is no longer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giansalvo Cirrincione , Adriano Fagiolini

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an effective policy from a pre-collected dataset. Most existing works are to develop sophisticated learning algorithms, with less emphasis on improving the data collection process. Moreover,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Chenyu Sun , Hangwei Qian , Chunyan Miao

Gradient descent or its variants are popular in training neural networks. However, in deep Q-learning with neural network approximation, a type of reinforcement learning, gradient descent (also known as Residual Gradient (RG)) is barely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shuyu Yin , Tao Luo , Peilin Liu , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Preserving model fidelity is essential for stealthy text-to-image (T2I) backdoor attacks. Existing methods such as Learning without Forgetting (LwF) rely on output-based distillation, which provides limited regularization. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lu Bowen , Xinyu Tang , Yin Yin Low , Shu-Min Leong

This work extends an established critic match loss landscape visualization method from online to off-policy reinforcement learning (RL), aiming to reveal the optimization geometry behind critic learning. Off-policy RL differs from stepwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingyi Liu , Jian Guo , Eberhard Gill

Online interactions with the environment to collect data samples for training a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent is not always feasible due to economic and safety concerns. The goal of Offline Reinforcement Learning is to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chi Zhang , Sanmukh Rao Kuppannagari , Viktor K Prasanna

Koopman operator theory provides a powerful framework for representing nonlinear dynamics through a linear operator acting on lifted observables, enabling the use of linear control techniques for nonlinear systems. However, Koopman models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chandan Kumar Sah , Rajpal Singh , Jishnu Keshavan

Large-scale dynamic inverse problems are often ill-posed due to model complexity and the high dimensionality of the unknown parameters. Regularization is commonly employed to mitigate ill-posedness by incorporating prior information and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Aryeh Keating , Mirjeta Pasha

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful, general tool for learning complex behaviors. However, its sample efficiency is often impractically large for solving challenging real-world problems, even with off-policy algorithms such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Vitchyr Pong , Shixiang Gu , Murtaza Dalal , Sergey Levine

In experimenting with off-policy temporal difference (TD) methods in hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) systems, we have observed unwanted on-policy learning under reproducible conditions. Here we present modifications to several TD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Mitchell Keith Bloch

Temporal difference learning and Residual Gradient methods are the most widely used temporal difference based learning algorithms; however, it has been shown that none of their objective functions is optimal w.r.t approximating the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Bo Liu , Daoming Lyu , Wen Dong , Saad Biaz

Policy iteration is one of the classical frameworks of reinforcement learning, which requires a known initial stabilizing control. However, finding the initial stabilizing control depends on the known system model. To relax this requirement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Dongdong Li , Jiuxiang Dong

Leveraging the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), perimeter control can alleviate network-level congestion by identifying critical intersections and regulating them effectively. Considering the time-varying nature of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Can Chen , Yunping Huang , Hongwei Zhang , Shimin Wang , Martin Guay , Shu-Chien Hsu , Renxin Zhong

Autonomous agents operating in continuous environments must decide not only what to do, but when to act. We introduce a lightweight adaptive temporal control system that learns the optimal interval between cognitive ticks from experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Davide Di Gioia

Continual learning, also known as lifelong learning or incremental learning, refers to the process by which a model learns from a stream of incoming data over time. A common problem in continual learning is the classification layer's bias…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Haoran Chen , Micah Goldblum , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Lane-changing is an important driving behavior and unreasonable lane changes can result in potentially dangerous traffic collisions. Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) can assist drivers to change lanes safely and efficiently. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Yue Zhang , Yajie Zou , Jinjun Tang , Jian Liang