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Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a standard way to adapt multimodal large language models, yet extremely low-rank settings -- especially rank-1 LoRA -- are often unstable. We show that this instability is not solely due to limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haoran Zhao , Soyeon Caren Han , Eduard Hovy

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a technique that allows us to adapt powerful Foundation Models (FMs) to diverse downstream tasks while preserving and unleashing their inherent capabilities. However, we have observed that existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xiaoxing Hu , Ziyang Gong , Yupei Wang , Yuru Jia , Fei Lin , Dexiang Gao , Ke An , Jianhong Han , Zhuoran Sun , Gen Luo , Gen Luo , Xue Yang

Smaller LLMs still face significant challenges even in medium-resourced languages, particularly when it comes to language-specific knowledge -- a problem not easily resolved with machine-translated data. In this case study on Icelandic, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jenny Kunz

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Parameter-efficient tuning (PET) aims to transfer pre-trained foundation models to downstream tasks by learning a small number of parameters. Compared to traditional fine-tuning, which updates the entire model, PET significantly reduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kwonyoung Kim , Jungin Park , Jin Kim , Hyeongjun Kwon , Kwanghoon Sohn

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) of large language models often suffers from task interference and catastrophic forgetting. Recent approaches alleviate this issue by isolating task-critical parameters during training. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zekai Lin , Chao Xue , Di Liang , Xingsheng Han , Peiyang Liu , Xianjie Wu , Lei Jiang , Yu Lu , Haibo Shi , Shuang Liang , Minlong Peng

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a practical solution for adapting large foundation models to downstream tasks, reducing computational and memory costs by updating only a small subset of parameters. Among them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Guoan Wan , Tianyu Chen , Fangzheng Feng , Haoyi Zhou , Runhua Xu

The success of large language models (LLMs), like GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to the development of numerous cost-effective and accessible alternatives that are created by finetuning open-access LLMs with task-specific data (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhiqiang Hu , Lei Wang , Yihuai Lan , Wanyu Xu , Ee-Peng Lim , Lidong Bing , Xing Xu , Soujanya Poria , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling the collaborative training of models without centralized access to the raw data on local devices. In the typical FL paradigm (e.g., FedAvg), model weights are sent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Guangyu Sun , Umar Khalid , Matias Mendieta , Pu Wang , Chen Chen

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, which fine-tune only a subset of model parameters, offer a promising solution by reducing the computational costs of tuning large language models (LLMs) while maintaining their performance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 André Storhaug , Jingyue Li

Post-training of Large Language Models often involves a pipeline of Supervised Finetuning (SFT) followed by Preference Finetuning (PFT) using methods like Direct Preference Optimization. Both stages require annotated data that are very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Mohit Raghavendra , Junmo Kang , Alan Ritter

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has shown its effectiveness in adapting the pre-trained language models to downstream tasks while only updating a small number of parameters. Despite the success, most existing methods independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Hao Zhao , Jie Fu , Zhaofeng He

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) under constrained computational budgets. However, standard PEFT methods often struggle in multi-task fine-tuning settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Hong Qi , Sunghun Kim , Jing Tang

The advent of hyper-scale and general-purpose pre-trained models is shifting the paradigm of building task-specific models for target tasks. In the field of audio research, task-agnostic pre-trained models with high transferability and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Ju-ho Kim , Jungwoo Heo , Hyun-seo Shin , Chan-yeong Lim , Ha-Jin Yu

This paper introduces Quantum-PEFT that leverages quantum computations for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Unlike other additive PEFT methods, such as low-rank adaptation (LoRA), Quantum-PEFT exploits an underlying full-rank yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Francesco Tonin , Yongtao Wu , Frank Zhengqing Wu , Leyla Naz Candogan , Volkan Cevher

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fine-tuned with multimodal instruction datasets have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks. However, fine-tuning all parameters of MLLMs has become challenging as they usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiongtao Zhou , Jie He , Yuhua Ke , Guangyao Zhu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Recent efforts to scale Transformer models have demonstrated rapid progress across a wide range of tasks (Wei et al., 2022). However, fine-tuning these models for downstream tasks is expensive due to their large parameter counts.…

Training large foundation models from scratch for domain-specific applications is almost impossible due to data limits and long-tailed distributions -- taking remote sensing (RS) as an example. Fine-tuning natural image pre-trained models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zichen Tian , Yaoyao Liu , Qianru Sun

In the realm of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, while options like LoRA are available, there is a persistent demand in the industry for a PEFT approach that excels in both efficiency and performance within the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zequan Liu , Yi Zhao , Ming Tan , Wei Zhu , Aaron Xuxiang Tian

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of powerful pre-trained models for complex downstream tasks has proven effective in vision and language processing, yet this paradigm remains unexplored in scientific machine learning, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hangwei Zhang , Chun Kang , Yan Wang , Difan Zou