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On-Policy Distillation (OPD) has emerged as a dominant post-training paradigm for large language models, especially for reasoning domains. However, OPD remains unstable in practice due to the high gradient variance of its single-sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Minjae Oh , Sangjun Song , Gyubin Choi , Yunho Choi , Yohan Jo

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique that compresses large teacher models by training smaller student models to mimic them. The success of KD in auto-regressive language models mainly relies on Reverse KL for mode-seeking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jun Rao , Xuebo Liu , Zepeng Lin , Liang Ding , Jing Li , Dacheng Tao , Min Zhang

This paper studies the problem of pre-training for small models, which is essential for many mobile devices. Current state-of-the-art methods on this problem transfer the representational knowledge of a large network (as a Teacher) into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mingsheng Li , Lin Zhang , Mingzhen Zhu , Zilong Huang , Gang Yu , Jiayuan Fan , Tao Chen

In knowledge distillation, a student model is trained with supervisions from both knowledge from a teacher and observations drawn from a training data distribution. Knowledge of a teacher is considered a subject that holds inter-class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Dongkyu Lee , Zhiliang Tian , Yingxiu Zhao , Ka Chun Cheung , Nevin L. Zhang

Recently, enhancing the numerical and logical reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a research hotspot. Existing methods face several limitations: inference-phase techniques (e.g., Chain of Thoughts) rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hao Yi , Qingyang Li , Yulan Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Yong Liu

On-policy distillation (OPD) has recently emerged as an effective post-training paradigm for consolidating the capabilities of specialized expert models into a single student model. Despite its empirical success, the conditions under which…

While large language models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks, their huge size and the inaccessibility of parameters present challenges for practical deployment. Previous studies try to distill task-specific ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Xuekai Zhu , Biqing Qi , Kaiyan Zhang , Xinwei Long , Zhouhan Lin , Bowen Zhou

Inference-time harnesses substantially improve large language models on complex reasoning tasks. However, the intrinsic capabilities of the underlying model remain unchanged by the addition of these external workflows. To bridge this gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhengyang Zhao , Lu Ma , Wentao Zhang

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) post-training have leveraged two distinct paradigms to enhance reasoning capabilities: reinforcement learning (RL) and knowledge distillation (KD). While RL enables the emergence of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hongling Xu , Qi Zhu , Heyuan Deng , Jinpeng Li , Lu Hou , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Ruifeng Xu , Fei Mi

Pretrained language models have led to significant performance gains in many NLP tasks. However, the intensive computing resources to train such models remain an issue. Knowledge distillation alleviates this problem by learning a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Linqing Liu , Huan Wang , Jimmy Lin , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Large language models provide rich semantic priors and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising auxiliary signals for recommendation. However, prevailing approaches either deploy LLMs as standalone recommender or apply global…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shanglin Yang , Zhan Shi

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used to inject new knowledge into language models, but it often degrades pretrained capabilities such as reasoning and general-domain performance. We argue this forgetting arises because fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiarui Liu , Lechen Zhang , Yongjin Yang , Yinghui He , Yingheng Wang , Weihao Xuan , Zhijing Jin , Mona Diab

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are often difficult to deploy due to significant computational requirements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Vijay Goyal , Mustafa Khan , Aprameya Tirupati , Harveer Saini , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still struggle with fine-grained visual understanding, where answers often depend on small but decisive evidence in the full image. We observe a regional-to-global perception gap: the same MLLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qianhao Yuan , Jie Lou , Xing Yu , Hongyu Lin , Le Sun , Xianpei Han , Yaojie Lu

Solving complex long-horizon tasks requires strong planning and reasoning capabilities. Although datasets with explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales can substantially benefit learning, they are costly to obtain. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shengjie Wang , Guanghe Li , Zonghan Yang , Yang Gao

Supervised fine-tuning with expert demonstrations often produces models that imitate outputs without internalizing the reasoning processes needed for robust generalization. While critique-based approaches show promise, training models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Berkcan Kapusuzoglu , Supriyo Chakraborty , Zain Sarwar , Chia-Hsuan Lee , Sambit Sahu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted considerable attention for their event-driven, low-power characteristics and high biological interpretability. Inspired by knowledge distillation (KD), recent research has improved the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Lin Zuo , Yongqi Ding , Mengmeng Jing , Kunshan Yang , Yunqian Yu

The application of speech self-supervised learning (SSL) models has achieved remarkable performance in speaker verification (SV). However, there is a computational cost hurdle in employing them, which makes development and deployment…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Jungwoo Heo , Chan-yeong Lim , Ju-ho Kim , Hyun-seo Shin , Ha-Jin Yu

In knowledge distillation (KD), logit distillation (LD) aims to transfer class-level knowledge from a more powerful teacher network to a small student model via accurate teacher-student alignment at the logits level. Since high-confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jiayan Li , Jun Li , Zhourui Zhang , Jianhua Xu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a practical solution for addressing data scarcity challenges by leveraging unlabeled data. Recently, vision-language models (VLMs), pre-trained on massive image-text pairs, have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Seongjae Kang , Dong Bok Lee , Hyungjoon Jang , Sung Ju Hwang