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Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in long running workflows, where they must preserve user and task state across many turns. Many existing agent memory systems behave like external databases with ad hoc read/write…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Pearl Mody , Mihir Panchal , Rishit Kar , Kiran Bhowmick , Ruhina Karani

LLM-based conversational agents still struggle to maintain coherent, personalized interaction over many sessions: fixed context windows limit how much history can be kept in view, and most external memory approaches trade off between coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

Machine learning models deployed on edge devices have enabled numerous exciting new applications, such as humanoid robots, AR glasses, and autonomous vehicles. However, the computing resources available on these edge devices are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Jinjie Liu , Hang Qiu

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Personalized large language models (LLMs) rely on memory retrieval to incorporate user-specific histories, preferences, and contexts. Existing approaches either overload the LLM by feeding all the user's past memory into the prompt, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yingyi Zhang , Junyi Li , Wenlin Zhang , Penyue Jia , Xianneng Li , Yichao Wang , Derong Xu , Yi Wen , Huifeng Guo , Yong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao

Equipping agents with memory is essential for solving real-world long-horizon problems. However, most existing agent memory mechanisms rely on static and hand-crafted workflows. This limits the performance and generalization ability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yupeng Huo , Yaxi Lu , Zhong Zhang , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

As LLM-based agents are increasingly used in long-term interactions, cumulative memory is critical for enabling personalization and maintaining stylistic consistency. However, most existing systems adopt an ``all-or-nothing'' approach to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Muzhao Tian , Zisu Huang , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xu , Zhengkang Guo , Qi Qian , Yuanzhe Shen , Kaitao Song , Jiakang Yuan , Changze Lv , Xiaoqing Zheng

Personalizing language models by effectively incorporating user interaction history remains a central challenge in the development of adaptive AI systems. While large language models (LLMs), combined with Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mikhail Menschikov , Dmitry Evseev , Victoria Dochkina , Ruslan Kostoev , Ilia Perepechkin , Petr Anokhin , Nikita Semenov , Evgeny Burnaev

We present NeuSymMS, an adaptive memory system that enables large language model (LLM) agents to learn, remember, and reason about users across sessions via a hybrid neuro-symbolic architecture. NeuSymMS couples neural fact extraction from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mujahid Sultan , Sri Thuraisamy , Daya Rajaratnam

The evolution of recommender systems has shifted from traditional collaborative filtering to LLM-based agentic systems, which rely on semantic user and item memories to make predictions. However, existing agents maintain these memories in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Weixin Chen , Yuhan Zhao , Jingyuan Huang , Zihe Ye , Clark Mingxuan Ju , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Li Chen , Yongfeng Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) have made notable advancements in natural language processing, they continue to struggle with processing extensive text. Memory mechanism offers a flexible solution for managing long contexts, utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Bo Wang , Heyan Huang , Yixin Cao , Jiahao Ying , Wei Tang , Chong Feng

Large language models suffer from knowledge staleness and lack of interpretability due to implicit knowledge storage across entangled network parameters, preventing targeted updates and reasoning transparency. We propose ExplicitLM, a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chengzhang Yu , Zening Lu , Chenyang Zheng , Chiyue Wang , Yiming Zhang , Zhanpeng Jin

For a human-like chatbot, constructing a long-term memory is crucial. However, current large language models often lack this capability, leading to instances of missing important user information or redundantly asking for the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Seo Hyun Kim , Keummin Ka , Yohan Jo , Seung-won Hwang , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Most evaluations of External Memory Module assume a static setting: memory is built offline and queried at a fixed state. In practice, memory is streaming: new facts arrive continuously, insertions interleave with retrievals, and the memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ruicheng Zhang , Xinyi Li , Tianyi Xu , Shuhao Zhang , Xiaofei Liao , Hai Jin

LLM-powered agents face a persistent challenge: learning from their execution experiences to improve future performance. While agents can successfully complete many tasks, they often repeat inefficient patterns, fail to recover from similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gaodan Fang , Vatche Isahagian , K. R. Jayaram , Ritesh Kumar , Vinod Muthusamy , Punleuk Oum , Gegi Thomas

Despite the potential of language model-based agents to solve real-world tasks such as web navigation, current methods still struggle with long-horizon tasks with complex action trajectories. In contrast, humans can flexibly solve complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Jiayuan Mao , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

Memory is fundamental to intelligence, enabling learning, reasoning, and adaptability across biological and artificial systems. While Transformer architectures excel at sequence modeling, they face critical limitations in long-range context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Parsa Omidi , Xingshuai Huang , Axel Laborieux , Bahareh Nikpour , Tianyu Shi , Armaghan Eshaghi

We introduce \emph{Memento-Skills}, a generalist, continually-learnable LLM agent system that functions as an \emph{agent-designing agent}: it autonomously constructs, adapts, and improves task-specific agents through experience. The system…

Memory systems address the challenge of context loss in Large Language Model during prolonged interactions. However, compared to human cognition, the efficacy of these systems in processing emotion-related information remains inconclusive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Peng Liu , Zhen Tao , Jihao Zhao , Ding Chen , Yansong Zhang , Cuiping Li , Zhiyu Li , Hong Chen