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We introduce a variational algorithm based on the quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) for the approximate solution of computationally hard counting problems. Our algorithm, dubbed VQCount, is based on the equivalence between random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Julien Drapeau , Shreya Banerjee , Stefanos Kourtis

Quantum computing has proven to be capable of accelerating many algorithms by performing tasks that classical computers cannot. Currently, Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines struggle from scalability and noise issues to render…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chao Lu , Navnil Choudhury , Utsav Banerjee , Abdullah Ash Saki , Kanad Basu

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) built upon noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, in conjunction with classical processing, constitute a promising architecture for quantum simulations, classical optimization, and machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Yi Xia , Wei Li , Quntao Zhuang , Zheshen Zhang

Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) are a powerful class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms designed to approximate the ground state of a quantum system described by its Hamiltonian. VQEs hold promise for various applications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Kim A. Nicoli , Luca J. Wagner , Lena Funcke

The quantum circuit model is the default for encoding an algorithm intended for a NISQ computer or a quantum computing simulator. A simple graph and through it, a graph state - quantum state physically manifesting an abstract graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Greg Bowen , Simon Devitt

The Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era of technology in which we currently find ourselves is defined by non-universality, susceptibility to errors and noise, and a search for useful applications. While demonstrations of practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Innes L. Maxwell , Stefan N. van den Hoven , Jelmer J. Renema

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be promising algorithms with quantum advantages that can be run at quantum computers in the close future. In this work, we review simple rules in basic quantum circuits, and propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Jaehoon Hahm , Hayeon Kim , Young June Park

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, most typical quantum error-correcting codes are designed for generic noise models, which may fail to accurately capture the intricate noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yuguo Shao , Yong-Chang Li , Fuchuan Wei , Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Zhaohui Wei , Lijian Zhang , Zhengwei Liu

Recent days have witnessed significant interests in applying quantum-enhanced techniques for solving a variety of machine learning tasks. Variational methods that use quantum resources of imperfect quantum devices with the help of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Hiroshi Yano , Yudai Suzuki , Kohei M. Itoh , Rudy Raymond , Naoki Yamamoto

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) for electronic structure calculations is believed to be one major potential application of near term quantum computing. Among all proposed VQE algorithms, the unitary coupled cluster singles and doubles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 Rongxin Xia , Sabre Kais

As Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices grow in number of qubits, determining good or even adequate parameter configurations for a given application, or for device calibration, becomes a cumbersome task. An evolutionary algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Luke Mortimer , Marta P. Estarellas , Timothy P. Spiller , Irene D'Amico

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods to demonstrate quantum advantage on near-term devices as the required resources are divided between a quantum simulator and a classical optimizer. As such, designing a VQA which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuhan Huang , Qingyu Li , Xiaokai Hou , Rebing Wu , Man-Hong Yung , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

We propose a qubit efficient scheme to study ground state properties of quantum many-body systems on near-term noisy intermediate scale quantum computers. One can obtain a tensor network representation of the ground state using a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Jin-Guo Liu , Yi-Hong Zhang , Yuan Wan , Lei Wang

In quantum computing, the variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are well suited for finding optimal combinations of things in specific applications ranging from chemistry all the way to finance. The training of VQAs with gradient descent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Pinaki Sen , Amandeep Singh Bhatia , Kamalpreet Singh Bhangu , Ahmed Elbeltagi

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KVQA) requires external knowledge beyond the visible content to answer questions about an image. This ability is challenging but indispensable to achieve general VQA. One limitation of existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jing Yu , Zihao Zhu , Yujing Wang , Weifeng Zhang , Yue Hu , Jianlong Tan

This document is a pdf version of the series of blogposts about variational quantum algorithms (VQA) I originally posted on my blog Musty Thoughts. It provides an explanation of the basic variational algorithms, such as Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Michał Stęchły

Current universal quantum computers have a limited number of noisy qubits. Because of this, it is difficult to use them to solve large-scale complex optimization problems. In this paper we tackle this issue by proposing a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

The characterization of quantum phase transitions is a fundamental task for the understanding of quantum phases of matter, with a number of potential applications in quantum technologies. In this work, we use digital quantum simulation as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Alan Duriez , Andreia Saguia , Marcelo S. Sarandy

Higher-dimensional quantum systems (qudits) offer advantages in information encoding, error resilience, and compact gate implementations, and naturally arise in platforms such as superconducting and solid-state systems. However, realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Yule Mayevsky , Akram Youssry , Ritik Sareen , Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Alberto Peruzzo

The task of learning a quantum circuit to prepare a given mixed state is a fundamental quantum subroutine. We present a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) to learn mixed states which is suitable for near-term hardware. Our algorithm…