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Quantum computers have the potential to deliver speed-ups for solving certain important problems that are intractable for classical counterparts, making them a promising avenue for advancing modern computation. However, many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kang-Min Hu , Min Namkung , Hyang-Tag Lim

Mapping logical quantum circuits to Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices is a challenging problem which has attracted rapidly increasing interests from both quantum and classical computing communities. This paper proposes an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-23 Sanjiang Li , Xiangzhen Zhou , Yuan Feng

The prime objective of this study is to seek a circuit diagram for a multi-inputs Toffoli gate including only single qubit gates and CNOTs. In this regard, we have developed two variational quantum algorithms that can be used to implement a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Yuval Idan , M. N. Jayakody

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed for current and near-term quantum devices. Despite its initial success, there is a lack of understanding involving several of its key aspects. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Manpreet Singh Jattana , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

Applying low-depth quantum neural networks (QNNs), variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are both promising and challenging in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era: Despite its remarkable progress, criticisms on the efficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Huan-Yu Liu , Zhao-Yun Chen , Tai-Ping Sun , Cheng Xue , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum computing is an emerging topic in engineering that promises to enhance supercomputing using fundamental physics. In the near term, the best candidate algorithms for achieving this advantage are variational quantum algorithms (VQAs).…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising quantum algorithm for applications in chemistry within the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. The ability for a quantum computer to simulate electronic structures with high…

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are some of the most promising workloads for near-term quantum computers without error correction. The aim of these variational algorithms is to guide the quantum system to a target state that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Shavindra P. Premaratne , A. Y. Matsuura

Quantum machine learning is at the crossroads of two of the most exciting current areas of research; quantum computing and classical machine learning. It explores the interaction between quantum computing and machine learning, investigating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Anekait Kariya , Bikash K. Behera

A kernel-based quantum classifier is the most practical and influential quantum machine learning technique for the hyper-linear classification of complex data. We propose a Variational Quantum Approximate Support Vector Machine (VQASVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-02 Siheon Park , Daniel K. Park , June-Koo Kevin Rhee

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a promising approach to leverage Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. However, choosing optimal quantum circuits that efficiently solve a given VQA problem is a non-trivial task.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Swagat Kumar , Jan-Nico Zaech , Colin Michael Wilmott , Luc Van Gool

As quantum devices scale toward practical machine learning applications, the binary qubit paradigm faces expressivity and resource efficiency limitations. Multi-level quantum systems, or qudits, offer a promising alternative by harnessing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tiago de Souza Farias , Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

We propose a variational scheme to represent composite quantum systems using multiple parameterized functions of varying accuracies on both classical and quantum hardware. The approach follows the variational principle over the entire…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Stefano Barison , Filippo Vicentini , Giuseppe Carleo

Due to several physical limitations in the realisation of quantum hardware, today's quantum computers are qualified as Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. NISQ hardware is characterized by a small number of qubits (50 to a few…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Siyuan Niu , Adrien Suau , Gabriel Staffelbach , Aida Todri-Sanial

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations from graph-structured data, but their direct implementation on near-term quantum hardware remains challenging due to circuit depth, multi-qubit interactions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Armin Ahmadkhaniha , Jake Doliskani

Quantum algorithms for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines have recently emerged as new promising routes towards demonstrating near-term quantum advantage (or supremacy) over classical systems. In these systems samples are…

Circuit cutting enables large quantum circuits to run on small NISQ devices, but it introduces an exponentially high sampling overhead. Here, we present CutVQA, a co-design framework that integrates circuit cutting with quantum architecture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Jun Wu , Jicun Li , Jiaqi Yang , Wei Xie , Xiang-Yang Li

Quantum sensing exploits non-classical effects to overcome limitations of classical sensors, with applications ranging from gravitational-wave detection to nanoscale imaging. However, practical quantum sensors built on noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Ivana Nikoloska , Hamdi Joudeh , Ruud van Sloun , Osvaldo Simeone

Embedding of a knowledge graph(KG) entities and relations in the form of vectors is an important aspect for the manipulation of the KG database for several downstream tasks, such as link prediction, knowledge graph completion, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Pulak Ranjan Giri , Mori Kurokawa , Kazuhiro Saito