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As AI systems like language models are increasingly integrated into decision-making processes affecting people's lives, it's critical to ensure that these systems have sound moral reasoning. To test whether they do, we need to develop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Jan-Philipp Fränken , Kanishk Gandhi , Tori Qiu , Ayesha Khawaja , Noah D. Goodman , Tobias Gerstenberg

One strategy in response to pluralistic values in a user population is to personalize an AI system: if the AI can adapt to the specific values of each individual, then we can potentially avoid many of the challenges of pluralism.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Nandhini Swaminathan , David Danks

Being a complex subject of major importance in AI Safety research, value alignment has been studied from various perspectives in the last years. However, no final consensus on the design of ethical utility functions facilitating AI value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Nadisha-Marie Aliman , Leon Kester

Existing AI moral evaluation frameworks test for the production of correct-sounding ethical responses rather than the presence of genuine moral reasoning capacity. This paper introduces a novel probe methodology using literary narrative -…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-16 David C. Flynn

Algorithm fairness in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is essential for a better society. As the foundational axiom of social mechanisms, fairness consists of multiple facets. Although the machine learning (ML) community has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Dangxing Chen , Luyao Zhang

Increasing interest in ensuring the safety of next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems calls for novel approaches to embedding morality into autonomous agents. This goal differs qualitatively from traditional task-specific AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

We show how to assess a language model's knowledge of basic concepts of morality. We introduce the ETHICS dataset, a new benchmark that spans concepts in justice, well-being, duties, virtues, and commonsense morality. Models predict…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Dan Hendrycks , Collin Burns , Steven Basart , Andrew Critch , Jerry Li , Dawn Song , Jacob Steinhardt

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly ubiquitous, the topic of AI governance for ethical decision-making by AI has captured public imagination. Within the AI research community, this topic remains less familiar to many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Han Yu , Zhiqi Shen , Chunyan Miao , Cyril Leung , Victor R. Lesser , Qiang Yang

Moral responsibility is a major concern in autonomous systems, with applications ranging from self-driving cars to kidney exchanges. Although there have been recent attempts to formalise responsibility and blame, among similar notions, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Lewis Hammond , Vaishak Belle

Developing moral awareness in intelligent systems has shifted from a topic of philosophical inquiry to a critical and practical issue in artificial intelligence over the past decades. However, automated inference of everyday moral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Jing Yi Xie , Graeme Hirst , Yang Xu

Work on morality in large language models (LLMs) has progressed via constitutional AI, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and systematic benchmarking, yet it still lacks tools to connect internal moral representations to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Gunter Bombaerts

As intelligent systems are increasingly making decisions that directly affect society, perhaps the most important upcoming research direction in AI is to rethink the ethical implications of their actions. Means are needed to integrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Virginia Dignum

In the age of AI, human commanders need to use the computational powers available in today's environment to simulate a very large number of scenarios. Within each scenario, situations occur where different decision design options could have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Taylan Akay , Harrison Tolley , Hussein Abbass

Moral competence is the ability to act in accordance with moral principles. As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in situations demanding moral competence, there is increasing interest in evaluating this ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Daniel Kilov , Caroline Hendy , Secil Yanik Guyot , Aaron J. Snoswell , Seth Lazar

As AI systems become pervasive, grounding their behavior in human values is critical. Prior work suggests that language models (LMs) exhibit limited inherent moral reasoning, leading to calls for explicit moral teaching. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Meysam Alizadeh , Fabrizio Gilardi , Zeynab Samei

This paper presents Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models (STREAM) to address the challenge of aligning AI models with human moral values, and to provide ethics datasets and knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuwei Wang , Enmeng Lu , Zizhe Ruan , Yao Liang , Yi Zeng

The advent of generative artificial intelligence and the widespread adoption of it in society engendered intensive debates about its ethical implications and risks. These risks often differ from those associated with traditional…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Thilo Hagendorff

As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic , Gianfranco Basti , Tobias Holstein

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, offering powerful tools for innovation. Yet its rapid integration raises urgent ethical concerns related to data ownership, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Dimitar Kyosev , Julian Kunkel

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies should adhere to human norms to better serve our society and avoid disseminating harmful or misleading information, particularly in Conversational Information Retrieval (CIR). Previous work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yiyao Yu , Junjie Wang , Yuxiang Zhang , Lin Zhang , Yujiu Yang , Tetsuya Sakai