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The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-powered agents in multi-user settings underscores the need for reliable, usable methods to accommodate diverse preferences and resolve conflicting directives. Drawing on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Christine Lee , Jihye Choi , Bilge Mutlu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Mobile GUI agents can automate smartphone tasks by interacting directly with app interfaces, but how they should communicate with users during execution remains underexplored. Existing systems rely on two extremes: foreground execution,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jeonghyeon Kim , Byeongjun Joung , Junwon Lee , Joohyung Lee , Taehoon Min , Sunjae Lee

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted mobile computing from App-centric interactions to system-level autonomous agents. Current implementations predominantly rely on a "Screen-as-Interface" paradigm, which inherits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhenhua Zou , Sheng Guo , Qiuyang Zhan , Lepeng Zhao , Shuo Li , Qi Li , Ke Xu , Mingwei Xu , Zhuotao Liu

Autonomous agents have become increasingly important for interacting with the real world. Android agents, in particular, have been recently a frequently-mentioned interaction method. However, existing studies for training and evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xueqiao Sun , Siyi Cheng , Hao Yu , Hanyu Lai , Shudan Zhang , Dan Zhang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold considerable promise for applications in healthcare. However, their deployment in safety-critical settings is hindered by two key limitations: (i) sensitivity to prompt design, and (ii) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Anita Kriz , Elizabeth Laura Janes , Xing Shen , Tal Arbel

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown greater promise for human-interaction. However, due to the high fine-tuning cost, users often rely on open-source GUI agents or APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pengzhou Cheng , Haowen Hu , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Tianjie Ju , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

LLM-based autonomous agents often fail to execute complex web tasks that require dynamic interaction due to the inherent uncertainty and complexity of these environments. Existing LLM-based web agents typically rely on rigid,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yao Zhang , Zijian Ma , Yunpu Ma , Zhen Han , Yu Wu , Volker Tresp

The integration of experimental technologies with large language models (LLMs) is transforming scientific research. It positions AI as a versatile research assistant rather than a mere problem-solving tool. In the field of power systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mengshuo Jia , Zeyu Cui , Gabriela Hug

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), significant progress has been made in multi-agent applications. However, the complexities in coordinating agents' cooperation and LLMs' erratic performance pose notable challenges…

The emergent large language/multimodal models facilitate the evolution of mobile agents, especially in mobile UI task automation. However, existing evaluation approaches, which rely on human validation or established datasets to compare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Xianqing Jia , Zhihan Zheng , Yunhe Yan , Longxi Gao , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Smartphones have become indispensable in people's daily lives, permeating nearly every aspect of modern society. With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs), numerous LLM-based mobile agents have emerged. These agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Gowen Loo , Chang Liu , Qinghong Yin , Xiang Chen , Jiawei Chen , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

The growing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new paradigm in mobile computing--LLM-powered mobile AI agents--capable of decomposing and automating complex tasks directly on smartphones. However, the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Liangxuan Wu , Chao Wang , Tianming Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

With the growing reliance on digital devices equipped with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as computers and smartphones, the need for effective automation tools has become increasingly important. While multimodal large language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Bartosz Maj , Bartosz Kozakiewicz , Oleksii Tymoshchuk , Artur Janicki

Smartphones have become indispensable in modern life, yet navigating complex tasks on mobile devices often remains frustrating. Recent advancements in large multimodal model (LMM)-based mobile agents have demonstrated the ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zhenhailong Wang , Haiyang Xu , Junyang Wang , Xi Zhang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Heng Ji

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed the development of mobile graphic user interface (GUI) AI agents, which is designed to autonomously perform tasks on mobile devices.…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into mobile GUI agents has significantly enhanced user efficiency and experience. However, this advancement also introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yulong Yang , Xinshan Yang , Shuaidong Li , Chenhao Lin , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Tianwei Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have increased the demand for comprehensive benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities as human-like agents. Existing benchmarks, while useful, often focus on specific application scenarios,…