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Large Language Models (LLMs) gain substantial reasoning and decision-making capabilities from thought structures. However, existing methods such as Tree of Thought and Retrieval Augmented Thoughts often fall short in complex tasks due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jinghan Zhang , Xiting Wang , Weijieying Ren , Lu Jiang , Dongjie Wang , Kunpeng Liu

With the exponential growth of research facilitated by modern technology and improved accessibility, scientific discoveries have become increasingly fragmented within and across fields. This makes it challenging to assess the significance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanka Kargupta , Ishika Agarwal , Tal August , Jiawei Han

Although advances such as chain-of-thought, tree-of-thought or reinforcement learning have improved the performance of LLMs in reasoning and planning tasks, they are still brittle and have not achieved human-level performance in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Leon Hamm , Zlatan Ajanovic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have ushered in a transformative era in the field of natural language processing, excelling in tasks related to text comprehension and generation. Nevertheless, they encounter difficulties when confronted with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yucheng Zhou , Xiubo Geng , Tao Shen , Chongyang Tao , Guodong Long , Jian-Guang Lou , Jianbing Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

As language models have become increasingly successful at a wide array of tasks, different prompt engineering methods have been developed alongside them in order to adapt these models to new tasks. One of them is Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alan Boyle , Isha Gupta , Sebastian Hönig , Lukas Mautner , Kenza Amara , Furui Cheng , Mennatallah El-Assady

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across natural language reasoning tasks, yet their reasoning processes remain brittle and difficult to interpret. Prompting techniques like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Samir Abdaljalil , Hasan Kurban , Khalid Qaraqe , Erchin Serpedin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in reasoning and planning when integrated with tree-search-based prompting methods. However, since these methods ignore the previous search experiences, they often make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Wenyang Hui , Kewei Tu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing and hold immense potential for advancing Artificial Intelligence. However, the core architecture of most mainstream LLMs -- the Transformer -- has inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xiang Zhang , Dujian Ding

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the theoretical foundations of learning from CoT data remain underdeveloped, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in artificial intelligence, especially in complex decision-making scenarios, but their static problem-solving strategies often limit their adaptability to dynamic environments. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Chengkun Cai , Xu Zhao , Yucheng Du , Haoliang Liu , Lei Li

Multi-hop question answering is a knowledge-intensive complex problem. Large Language Models (LLMs) use their Chain of Thoughts (CoT) capability to reason complex problems step by step, and retrieval-augmentation can effectively alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Li Jiapeng , Liu Runze , Li Yabo , Zhou Tong , Li Mingling , Chen Xiang

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be highly effective for solving complex reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, their capabilities can often be improved by iterating on previously generated solutions. In this context, a reasoning plan…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 MohammadHossein Bateni , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Yuzhou Gu , Silvio Lattanzi , Simon Meierhans , Christopher Mohri

Large Language Models have excelled in remarkable reasoning capabilities with advanced prompting techniques, but they fall short on tasks that require exploration, strategic foresight, and sequential decision-making. Recent works propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Zheyu Zhang , Zhuorui Ye , Yikang Shen , Chuang Gan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable multi-step reasoning capabilities across various domains. However, LLMs still face distinct challenges in complex logical reasoning, as (1) proof-finding requires systematic exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kang He , Kaushik Roy

Reasoning methods, best exemplified by the well-known Chain-of-Thought (CoT), empower the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by eliciting them to solve complex tasks in a step-by-step manner. Although they are achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci , Federico Ranaldi , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

Language models generate reasoning sequentially, preventing them from decoupling irrelevant exploration paths during search. We introduce Tree-Structured Language Modeling (TSLM), which uses special tokens to encode branching structure,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Doyoung Kim , Jaehyeok Doo , Minjoon Seo

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) is a reasoning strategy for Large Language Models (LLMs) that employs a generator to suggest reasoning steps and a discriminator to decide which steps to implement. ToT demonstrates strong performance on reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Qiqi Chen , Xinpeng Wang , Philipp Mondorf , Michael A. Hedderich , Barbara Plank

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni