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Related papers: Efficient Post-training of LLMs for Code Generatio…

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Pre-training has been a useful method for learning implicit transferable knowledge and it shows the benefit of offering complementary features across different modalities. Recent work mainly focuses on the modalities such as image and text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ziqi Zhang , Yile Wang , Yue Zhang , Donglin Wang

The goal of program synthesis, or code generation, is to generate executable code based on given descriptions. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiate Liu , Yiqin Zhu , Kaiwen Xiao , Qiang Fu , Xiao Han , Wei Yang , Deheng Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong code generation capabilities, yet the runtime performance of generated code is not guaranteed, and there have been few attempts to train LLMs using runtime performance as a reward in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ryo Mikasa , Shun-ichiro Hayashi , Daichi Mukunoki , Tetsuya Hoshino , Takahiro Katagiri

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), we seek to utilize offline data to evaluate (or learn) policies in scenarios where the data are collected from a distribution that substantially differs from that of the target policy to be evaluated.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Ruosong Wang , Yifan Wu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sham M. Kakade

Several approaches have been proposed to improve the sample efficiency of online reinforcement learning (RL) by leveraging demonstrations collected offline. The offline data can be used directly as transitions to optimize RL objectives, or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dwait Bhatt , Shih-Chieh Chou , Nikolay Atanasov

Reinforcement learning (RL) is typically concerned with estimating stationary policies or single-step models, leveraging the Markov property to factorize problems in time. However, we can also view RL as a generic sequence modeling problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Michael Janner , Qiyang Li , Sergey Levine

Leveraging offline data is a promising way to improve the sample efficiency of online reinforcement learning (RL). This paper expands the pool of usable data for offline-to-online RL by leveraging abundant non-curated data that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi Zhao , Aidan Scannell , Wenshuai Zhao , Yuxin Hou , Tianyu Cui , Le Chen , Dieter Büchler , Arno Solin , Juho Kannala , Joni Pajarinen

How can we train a dialog model to produce better conversations by learning from human feedback, without the risk of humans teaching it harmful chat behaviors? We start by hosting models online, and gather human feedback from real-time,…

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhichao Wang , Kiran Ramnath , Bin Bi , Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Sougata Chaudhuri , Shubham Mehrotra , Zixu , Zhu , Xiang-Bo Mao , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

Despite recent progress in offline learning, these methods are still trained and tested on the same environment. In this paper, we compare the generalization abilities of widely used online and offline learning methods such as online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Ishita Mediratta , Qingfei You , Minqi Jiang , Roberta Raileanu

Reinforcement learning (RL) with unit test feedback has enhanced large language models' (LLMs) code generation, but relies on sparse rewards provided only after complete code evaluation, limiting learning efficiency and incremental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Ning Dai , Zheng Wu , Renjie Zheng , Ziyun Wei , Wenlei Shi , Xing Jin , Guanlin Liu , Chen Dun , Liang Huang , Lin Yan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize the return given a fixed dataset of agent trajectories without additional interactions with the environment. While algorithm development has progressed rapidly, significant theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fengdi Che

In this tutorial article, we aim to provide the reader with the conceptual tools needed to get started on research on offline reinforcement learning algorithms: reinforcement learning algorithms that utilize previously collected data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar , George Tucker , Justin Fu

Recently, there have been significant research interests in training large language models (LLMs) with reinforcement learning (RL) on real-world tasks, such as multi-turn code generation. While online RL tends to perform better than offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ziru Chen , Dongdong Chen , Ruinan Jin , Yingbin Liang , Yujia Xie , Huan Sun

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) tries to learn the near-optimal policy with recorded offline experience without online exploration. Current offline RL research includes: 1) generative modeling, i.e., approximating a policy using fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hua Wei , Deheng Ye , Zhao Liu , Hao Wu , Bo Yuan , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Zhenhui Li

Precise robot manipulation is critical for fine-grained applications such as chemical and biological experiments, where even small errors (e.g., reagent spillage) can invalidate an entire task. Existing approaches often rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiangyu Chen , Chuhao Zhou , Yuxi Liu , Jianfei Yang

With the widespread adoption of deep learning, reinforcement learning (RL) has experienced a dramatic increase in popularity, scaling to previously intractable problems, such as playing complex games from pixel observations, sustaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Rafael Figueiredo Prudencio , Marcos R. O. A. Maximo , Esther Luna Colombini

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising approach to avoid costly online interaction with the real environment. However, the performance of offline RL highly depends on the quality of the datasets, which may cause…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yiwen Hou , Haoyuan Sun , Jinming Ma , Feng Wu

Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) is often limited by the large amount of data needed to learn a successful policy. Offline RL aims to solve this issue by using transitions collected by a different behavior policy. We address a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Johannes Ackermann , Takayuki Osa , Masashi Sugiyama

Large volumes of interaction logs can be collected from NLP systems that are deployed in the real world. How can this wealth of information be leveraged? Using such interaction logs in an offline reinforcement learning (RL) setting is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Julia Kreutzer , Stefan Riezler , Carolin Lawrence