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Related papers: PubMedCausal: A Span-Level Annotated Corpus for Ca…

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Extracting fine-grained experimental findings from literature can provide dramatic utility for scientific applications. Prior work has developed annotation schemas and datasets for limited aspects of this problem, failing to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Aakanksha Naik , Bailey Kuehl , Erin Bransom , Doug Downey , Tom Hope

Despite the importance of understanding causality, corpora addressing causal relations are limited. There is a discrepancy between existing annotation guidelines of event causality and conventional causality corpora that focus more on…

PubMed-OCR is an OCR-centric corpus of scientific articles derived from PubMed Central Open Access PDFs. Each page image is annotated with Google Cloud Vision and released in a compact JSON schema with word-, line-, and paragraph-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hunter Heidenreich , Yosheb Getachew , Olivia Dinica , Ben Elliott

Biomedical relation extraction (RE) is the task of automatically identifying and characterizing relations between biomedical concepts from free text. RE is a central task in biomedical natural language processing (NLP) research and plays a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Po-Ting Lai , Chih-Hsuan Wei , Ling Luo , Qingyu Chen , Zhiyong Lu

The fundamental process of evidence extraction and synthesis in evidence-based medicine involves extracting PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) elements from biomedical literature. However, Outcomes, being the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yiliang Zhou , Abigail M. Newbury , Gongbo Zhang , Betina Ross Idnay , Hao Liu , Chunhua Weng , Yifan Peng

We present a system that allows life-science researchers to search a linguistically annotated corpus of scientific texts using patterns over dependency graphs, as well as using patterns over token sequences and a powerful variant of boolean…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Hillel Taub-Tabib , Micah Shlain , Shoval Sadde , Dan Lahav , Matan Eyal , Yaara Cohen , Yoav Goldberg

Relevant information in documents is often summarized in tables, helping the reader to identify useful facts. Most benchmark datasets support either document layout analysis or table understanding, but lack in providing data to apply both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrea Gemelli , Emanuele Vivoli , Simone Marinai

Extracting cause-effect entities from medical literature is an important task in medical information retrieval. A solution for solving this task can be used for compilation of various causality relations, such as, causality between disease…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Md. Ahsanul Kabir , AlJohara Almulhim , Xiao Luo , Mohammad Al Hasan

The surging amount of biomedical literature & digital clinical records presents a growing need for text mining techniques that can not only identify but also semantically relate entities in unstructured data. In this paper we propose a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Hasham Ul Haq , Veysel Kocaman , David Talby

In this paper, we present our approach and empirical observations for Cause-Effect Signal Span Detection -- Subtask 2 of Shared task 3~\cite{tan-etal-2022-event} at CASE 2022. The shared task aims to extract the cause, effect, and signal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Xingran Chen , Ge Zhang , Adam Nik , Mingyu Li , Jie Fu

End-to-end relation extraction (E2ERE) is an important task in information extraction, more so for biomedicine as scientific literature continues to grow exponentially. E2ERE typically involves identifying entities (or named entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Xuguang Ai , Ramakanth Kavuluru

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

Many benchmarks for automated causal inference evaluate a system's performance based on a single numerical output, such as an Average Treatment Effect (ATE). This approach conflates two distinct steps in causal analysis: identification -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ayush Sawarni , Jiyuan Tan , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the construction of general-domain and domain-specific causal knowledge graphs. Such knowledge graphs enable reasoning for causal analysis and event prediction, and so have a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Oktie Hassanzadeh

Manually curated biomedical repositories -- spanning bioactivity, genomics, and chemistry -- are expensive to maintain, lag behind primary literature, and discard experimental context, obscuring nuances needed to assess data correctness and…

We present a new corpus comprising annotations of medical entities in case reports, originating from PubMed Central's open access library. In the case reports, we annotate cases, conditions, findings, factors and negation modifiers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sarah Schulz , Jurica Ševa , Samuel Rodriguez , Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm

In health and social sciences, it is critically important to identify subgroups of the study population where there is notable heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) with respect to the population average. Decision trees have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-28 Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi , Riccardo Cadei , Kwonsang Lee , Francesca Dominici

Recent papers show LLMs achieve near-random accuracy in causal relation classification, raising questions about whether such failures arise from limited pretraining exposure or deeper representational gaps. We investigate this under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Oscar Lithgow-Serrano , Vani Kanjirangat , Alessandro Antonucci

Causal induction, i.e., identifying unobservable mechanisms that lead to the observable relations among variables, has played a pivotal role in modern scientific discovery, especially in scenarios with only sparse and limited data. Humans,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Chi Zhang , Baoxiong Jia , Mark Edmonds , Song-Chun Zhu , Yixin Zhu

PubMed is an essential resource for the medical domain, but useful concepts are either difficult to extract or are ambiguated, which has significantly hindered knowledge discovery. To address this issue, we constructed a PubMed knowledge…