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Algorithms are commonly used to predict outcomes under a particular decision or intervention, such as predicting whether an offender will succeed on parole if placed under minimal supervision. Generally, to learn such counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-19 Amanda Coston , Edward H. Kennedy , Alexandra Chouldechova

This paper addresses the classic problem of regression, which involves the inductive learning of a map, $y=f(x,z)$, $z$ denoting noise, $f:\mathbb{R}^n\times \mathbb{R}^k \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$. Recently, Conditional GAN (CGAN) has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Saurav Manchanda , Khoa Doan , Pranjul Yadav , S. Sathiya Keerthi

We consider identification and inference about a counterfactual outcome mean when there is unmeasured confounding using tools from proximal causal inference (Miao et al. [2018], Tchetgen Tchetgen et al. [2020]). Proximal causal inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-03 Jeffrey Zhang , Wei Li , Wang Miao , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Developing classification algorithms that are fair with respect to sensitive attributes of the data has become an important problem due to the growing deployment of classification algorithms in various social contexts. Several recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Vijay Keswani , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Conformal prediction methods provide statistically rigorous marginal coverage guarantees for machine learning models, but such guarantees fail to account for algorithmic biases, thereby undermining fairness and trust. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Senrong Xu , Yanke Zhou , Yuhao Tan , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Feng Xu , Xiaoxing Ma

We consider finding a counterfactual explanation for a classification or regression forest, such as a random forest. This requires solving an optimization problem to find the closest input instance to a given instance for which the forest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Suryabhan Singh Hada

Machine learning algorithms can produce biased outcome/prediction, typically, against minorities and under-represented sub-populations. Therefore, fairness is emerging as an important requirement for the large scale application of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Karima Makhlouf , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

The use of machine learning systems to support decision making in healthcare raises questions as to what extent these systems may introduce or exacerbate disparities in care for historically underrepresented and mistreated groups, due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Stephen Pfohl , Tony Duan , Daisy Yi Ding , Nigam H. Shah

Fairness has become a central issue for our research community as classification algorithms are adopted in societally critical domains such as recidivism prediction and loan approval. In this work, we consider the potential bias based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Rui Feng , Yang Yang , Yuehan Lyu , Chenhao Tan , Yizhou Sun , Chunping Wang

We propose a distributionally robust classification model with a fairness constraint that encourages the classifier to be fair in view of the equality of opportunity criterion. We use a type-$\infty$ Wasserstein ambiguity set centered at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Yijie Wang , Viet Anh Nguyen , Grani A. Hanasusanto

Fair predictive algorithms hinge on both equality and trust, yet inherent uncertainty in real-world data challenges our ability to make consistent, fair, and calibrated decisions. While fairly managing predictive error has been extensively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Lucas Rosenblatt , R. Teal Witter

Conditional demographic parity (CDP) is a measure of the demographic parity of a predictive model or decision process when conditioning on an additional feature or set of features. Many algorithmic fairness techniques exist to target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Mohsen Ghassemi , Alan Mishler , Niccolo Dalmasso , Luhao Zhang , Vamsi K. Potluru , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

We study the problem of assessing the robustness of counterfactual explanations for deep learning models. We focus on $\textit{plausible model shifts}$ altering model parameters and propose a novel framework to reason about the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Luca Marzari , Francesco Leofante , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli

We propose an importance sampling method for tractable and efficient estimation of counterfactual expressions in general settings, named Exogenous Matching. By minimizing a common upper bound of counterfactual estimators, we transform the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yikang Chen , Dehui Du , Lili Tian

Semi-dual neural optimal transport learns a transport map via a max-min objective, yet training can converge to incorrect or degenerate maps. We fully characterize these spurious solutions in the common regime where data concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Raymond Chu , Jaewoong Choi , Dohyun Kwon

Learning conditional distributions $\pi^*(\cdot|x)$ is a central problem in machine learning, which is typically approached via supervised methods with paired data $(x,y) \sim \pi^*$. However, acquiring paired data samples is often…

Linear regression is a fundamental modeling tool in statistics and related fields. In this paper, we study an important variant of linear regression in which the predictor-response pairs are partially mismatched. We use an optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Rahul Mazumder , Haoyue Wang

Post-hoc explanations of machine learning models are crucial for people to understand and act on algorithmic predictions. An intriguing class of explanations is through counterfactuals, hypothetical examples that show people how to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

Most fair regression algorithms mitigate bias towards sensitive sub populations and therefore improve fairness at group level. In this paper, we investigate the impact of such implementation of fair regression on the individual. More…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Boris Ruf , Marcin Detyniecki

This paper considers fair probabilistic binary classification where the outputs of primary interest are predicted probabilities, commonly referred to as scores. We formulate the problem of transforming scores to satisfy fairness constraints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Dennis Wei , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Flavio du Pin Calmon
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