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Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a unified paradigm for language and image generation. Compared with diffusion models, MLLMs possess a much stronger capability for semantic understanding, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ye Leng , Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Text-to-image diffusion models, which are theoretically equivalent to score-based generative models, generate images through a multi-step denoising process guided by text embeddings extracted from pretrained vision-language models such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Seung Hyuk Lee , Songkuk Kim

The rapid advancement of text-to-image Diffusion Models has led to their widespread public accessibility. However these models, trained on large internet datasets, can sometimes generate undesirable outputs. To mitigate this, approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Andrea Schioppa , Emiel Hoogeboom , Jonathan Heek

In the last five years there has been a flurry of work on information extraction from clinical documents, i.e., on algorithms capable of extracting, from the informal and unstructured texts that are generated during everyday clinical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Diego Marcheggiani , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Language models have shown promise in various tasks but can be affected by undesired data during training, fine-tuning, or alignment. For example, if some unsafe conversations are wrongly annotated as safe ones, the model fine-tuned on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhaowei Zhu , Jialu Wang , Hao Cheng , Yang Liu

Text encoders in diffusion models have rapidly evolved, transitioning from CLIP to T5-XXL. Although this evolution has significantly enhanced the models' ability to understand complex prompts and generate text, it also leads to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Lifu Wang , Daqing Liu , Xinchen Liu , Xiaodong He

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their generated outputs are proliferating across the web, risking a future where machine-generated content dilutes human-authored text. Since online data is the primary resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 George Drayson , Emine Yilmaz , Vasileios Lampos

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated tremendous success in synthesizing visually stunning images given textual instructions. Despite remarkable progress in creating high-fidelity visuals, text-to-image models can still struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Taewook Kim , Ze Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Jiang Wang , Lijuan Wang , Zicheng Liu , Qiang Qiu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings, the risk of generating harmful or toxic content remains a central challenge. Post-hoc alignment methods are brittle: once unsafe patterns are learned during…

Text-to-image generation methods produce high-resolution and high-quality images, but these methods should not produce immoral images that may contain inappropriate content from the perspective of commonsense morality. In this paper, we aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Seongbeom Park , Suhong Moon , Jinkyu Kim

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made significant strides in multimodal comprehension, thanks to extensive pre-training and fine-tuning on large-scale visual datasets. However, despite their robust textual safety mechanisms, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Despite advancements in text-to-image models, generating images that precisely align with textual descriptions remains challenging due to misalignment in training data. In this paper, we analyze the critical role of caption precision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Sheng Cheng , Maitreya Patel , Yezhou Yang

Evaluating generative models for synthetic medical imaging is crucial yet challenging, especially given the high standards of fidelity, anatomical accuracy, and safety required for clinical applications. Standard evaluation of generated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yash Deo , Yan Jia , Toni Lassila , William A. P. Smith , Tom Lawton , Siyuan Kang , Alejandro F. Frangi , Ibrahim Habli

Tokenization, a crucial initial step in natural language processing, is governed by several key parameters, such as the tokenization algorithm, vocabulary size, pre-tokenization strategy, inference strategy, and training data corpus. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Varshini Reddy , Craig W. Schmidt , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

The excellent generative capabilities of text-to-image diffusion models suggest they learn informative representations of image-text data. However, what knowledge their representations capture is not fully understood, and they have not been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Kevin Clark , Priyank Jaini

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have the ability to build high-quality pictures from text prompts, but they pose safety concerns because they can generate offensive or disturbing imagery when provided with harmful inputs. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Chi Zhang , Changjia Zhu , Xiaowen Li , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

We want to detect whether a particular image dataset has been used to train a model. We propose a new technique, \emph{radioactive data}, that makes imperceptible changes to this dataset such that any model trained on it will bear an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-06 Alexandre Sablayrolles , Matthijs Douze , Cordelia Schmid , Hervé Jégou

We investigate the potential of learning visual representations using synthetic images generated by text-to-image models. This is a natural question in the light of the excellent performance of such models in generating high-quality images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yonglong Tian , Lijie Fan , Phillip Isola , Huiwen Chang , Dilip Krishnan

CLIP, one of the pioneering foundation models that connect images and text, has enabled many recent breakthroughs in computer vision. However, its associated training cost is prohibitively high, imposing a significant barrier to its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Cihang Xie

Diffusion models have significant impact on wide range of generative tasks, especially on image inpainting and restoration. Although the improvements on aiming for decreasing number of function evaluations (NFE), the iterative results are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Mahmut S. Gokmen , Jie Zhang , Ge Wang , Jin Chen , Cody Bumgardner