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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained prominence as an effective method for enhancing the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the incorporation of external knowledge. However, the evaluation of RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Chanhee Park , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

The rapid spread of memes makes harmful content detection increasingly crucial, as effective identification can curb the circulation of misinformation. However, existing methods rely heavily on high-volume annotated data, which leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zihan Ding , Ziyuan Yang , Yi Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

Computer-using agents powered by Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated human-like capabilities in operating digital environments like mobile platforms. While these agents hold great promise for advancing digital automation, their…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding visual content, yet their ability to predict where humans look on user interfaces remains unexplored. We present UIGaze, a study investigating how closely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Min Song , Yoonseong Lee , Yeonhu Seo

Autonomous agents powered by large vision and language models (VLM) have demonstrated significant potential in completing daily computer tasks, such as browsing the web to book travel and operating desktop software, which requires agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Tao Yu , Diyi Yang

Autonomous GUI agents based on vision-language models (VLMs) often assume deterministic environment responses, generating actions without verifying whether previous operations succeeded. In real-world settings with network latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuzhe Zhang , Xianwei Xue , Xingyong Wu , Mengke Chen , Chen Liu , Xinran He , Run Shao , Feiran Liu , Huanmin Xu , Qiutong Pan , Haiwei Wang

To effectively leverage user-specific data, retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is employed in multimodal large language model (MLLM) applications. However, conventional retrieval approaches often suffer from limited retrieval accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Maoliang Li , Ke Li , Yaoyang Liu , Jiayu Chen , Zihao Zheng , Yinjun Wu , Chenchen Liu , Xiang Chen

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by vision language models (VLMs) are rapidly moving from passive assistance to autonomous operation. However, this unrestricted action space exposes users to severe and irreversible financial,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yushi Feng , Junye Du , Qifan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Qian Niu , Yutaka Matsuo , Long Feng , Lequan Yu

Visual agent models for automating human activities on Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) have emerged as a promising research direction, driven by advances in large Vision Language Models (VLMs). A critical challenge in GUI automation is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joonhyung Park , Peng Tang , Sagnik Das , Srikar Appalaraju , Kunwar Yashraj Singh , R. Manmatha , Shabnam Ghadar

LLM agents operating in open environments face escalating risks from indirect prompt injection, particularly within the tool stream where manipulated metadata and runtime feedback hijack execution flow. Existing defenses encounter a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Junda Lin , Zhaomeng Zhou , Zhi Zheng , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji

In the field of MLLM-based GUI agents, compared to smartphones, the PC scenario not only features a more complex interactive environment, but also involves more intricate intra- and inter-app workflows. To address these issues, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Haowei Liu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Yuyang Wanyan , Junyang Wang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Chunfeng Yuan , Changsheng Xu , Weiming Hu , Fei Huang

Although memory capabilities of AI agents are gaining increasing attention, existing solutions remain fundamentally limited. Most rely on flat, narrowly scoped memory components, constraining their ability to personalize, abstract, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yu Wang , Xi Chen

The assurance of mobile app GUI has become increasingly important, as the GUI serves as the primary medium of interaction between users and apps. Although numerous automated GUI testing approaches have been developed with diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shengcheng Yu , Yuchen Ling , Chunrong Fang , Quan Zhou , Yi Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Shaomin Zhu , Zhenyu Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced GUI agents, yet long-horizon automation remains constrained by two critical bottlenecks: context overload from raw sequential trajectory dependence and architectural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Weihua Cheng , Junming Liu , Yifei Sun , Botian Shi , Yirong Chen , Ding Wang

Recent advances in embodied Vision-Language Agentic Systems (VLAS), powered by large vision-language models (LVLMs), enable AI systems to perceive and reason over real-world scenes. Within this context, environmental signals such as traffic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiamin Chang , Minhui Xue , Ruoxi Sun , Shuchao Pang , Salil S. Kanhere , Hammond Pearce

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

The HyperText Markup Language 5 (HTML5) <canvas> is useful for creating visual-centric web applications. However, unlike traditional web applications, HTML5 <canvas> applications render objects onto the <canvas> bitmap without representing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Finlay Macklon , Cor-Paul Bezemer