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Recent work on fairness in machine learning has focused on various statistical discrimination criteria and how they trade off. Most of these criteria are observational: They depend only on the joint distribution of predictor, protected…

We study a special case of the problem of statistical learning without the i.i.d. assumption. Specifically, we suppose a learning method is presented with a sequence of data points, and required to make a prediction (e.g., a classification)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Steve Hanneke , Liu Yang

This study presents a conditional flow matching framework for solving physics-constrained Bayesian inverse problems. In this setting, samples from the joint distribution of inferred variables and measurements are assumed available, while…

Given a set of several inputs into a system (e.g., independent variables characterizing stimuli) and a set of several stochastically non-independent outputs (e.g., random variables describing different aspects of responses), how can one…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-09-04 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Conformal prediction (CP) is a distribution-free method to construct reliable prediction intervals that has gained significant attention in recent years. Despite its success and various proposed extensions, a significant practical feature…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Louis Allain , Sébastien Da Veiga , Brian Staber

Phase segregation, the process by which the components of a binary mixture spontaneously separate, is a key process in the evolution and design of many chemical, mechanical, and biological systems. In this work, we present a data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Amir Barati Farimani , Joseph Gomes , Rishi Sharma , Franklin L. Lee , Vijay S. Pande

Machine learning systems increasingly face requirements to forget not only individual data points, but entire domains of information, such as toxic language, copyrighted corpora, or demographic biases. This raises a fundamental dilemma of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Aaradhya Pandey , Sanjeev Kulkarni

Margin enlargement over training data has been an important strategy since perceptrons in machine learning for the purpose of boosting the robustness of classifiers toward a good generalization ability. Yet Breiman (1999) showed a dilemma…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Weizhi Zhu , Yifei Huang , Yuan Yao

Simulations of complex physical systems are typically realized by discretizing partial differential equations (PDEs) on unstructured meshes. While neural networks have recently been explored for surrogate and reduced order modeling of PDE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jiayang Xu , Aniruddhe Pradhan , Karthik Duraisamy

Many problems in science and engineering require making predictions based on few observations. To build a robust predictive model, these sparse data may need to be augmented with simulated data, especially when the design space is…

The major challenge in designing a discriminative learning algorithm for predicting structured data is to address the computational issues arising from the exponential size of the output space. Existing algorithms make different assumptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-06-29 Shankar Vembu

Prediction with the possibility of abstention (or selective prediction) is an important problem for error-critical machine learning applications. While well-studied in the classification setup, selective approaches to regression are much…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-29 Fedor Noskov , Alexander Fishkov , Maxim Panov

In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement residual-based specification testing procedure for detecting structural changes in factor models, which is powerful against both smooth and abrupt structural changes with unknown break dates.…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-22 Bin Peng , Liangjun Su , Yayi Yan

Distribution regression seeks to estimate the conditional distribution of a multivariate response given a continuous covariate. This approach offers a more complete characterization of dependence than traditional regression methods.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Rong Tang , Yun Yang

Statistical learning relies upon data sampled from a distribution, and we usually do not care what actually generated it in the first place. From the point of view of causal modeling, the structure of each distribution is induced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Giambattista Parascandolo , Niki Kilbertus , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Bernhard Schölkopf

Mutual information is fundamentally important for measuring statistical dependence between variables and for quantifying information transfer by signaling and communication mechanisms. It can, however, be challenging to evaluate for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Clive G. Bowsher , Margaritis Voliotis

We present a new method for generating confidence sets within the split conformal prediction framework. Our method performs a trainable transformation of any given conformity score to improve conditional coverage while ensuring exact…

Recently, there as been an increasing interest in the use of heavily restricted randomization designs which enforces balance on observed covariates in randomized controlled trials. However, when restrictions are strict, there is a risk that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-15 Mattias Nordin , Mårten Schultzberg

We explore fairness from a statistical perspective by selectively utilizing either conditional distance covariance or distance covariance statistics as measures to assess the independence between predictions and sensitive attributes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ruifan Huang , Haixia Liu

Conformal unlearning aims to ensure that a trained conformal predictor miscovers data points with specific shared characteristics, such as those from a particular label class, associated with a specific user, or belonging to a defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yahya Alkhatib , Muhammad Ahmar Jamal , Wee Peng Tay