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Extensive research has recently shown that recurrent neural language models are able to process a wide range of grammatical phenomena. How these models are able to perform these remarkable feats so well, however, is still an open question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Jaap Jumelet , Willem Zuidema , Dieuwke Hupkes

Generative large language models as tools in the legal domain have the potential to improve the justice system. However, the reasoning behavior of current generative models is brittle and poorly understood, hence cannot be responsibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Cor Steging , Silja Renooij , Bart Verheij

Static word embeddings often absorb social biases from the text they learn from, and those biases can quietly shape downstream systems. Prior work that uses the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has focused mostly on single-group bias along…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Eren Kocadag , Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari , Ali Mohammed Mansoor Alsahag

Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) helps to explain customers' opinions towards products and services. In the past, ABSA models were discriminative, but more recently generative models have been used to generate aspects and polarities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Dhruv Mullick , Alona Fyshe , Bilal Ghanem

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their fair responses across demographics has become crucial. Despite many efforts, an ongoing challenge is hidden bias: LLMs appear fair under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Kahee Lim , Soyeon Kim , Steven Euijong Whang

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) become integral to educational decision-making, ensuring their fairness is paramount. However, current text-centric evaluations neglect the visual modality, leaving an unregulated channel for latent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ruijia Li , Mingzi Zhang , Zengyi Yu , Yuang Wei , Bo Jiang

Evaluating alignment in language models requires testing how they behave under realistic pressure, not just what they claim they would do. While alignment failures increasingly cause real-world harm, comprehensive evaluation frameworks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Nora Petrova , John Burden

Automated grading systems can efficiently score short-answer responses, yet they often fail to indicate when a grading decision is uncertain or potentially contentious. We introduce semantic entropy, a measure of variability across multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Karrtik Iyer , Manikandan Ravikiran , Prasanna Pendse , Shayan Mohanty

As large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on traditional benchmarks, there is an urgent need for more challenging evaluation frameworks that probe deeper aspects of semantic understanding. We introduce SAGE (Semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Samarth Goel , Reagan J. Lee , Kannan Ramchandran

Despite their wide adoption, the biases and unintended behaviors of language models remain poorly understood. In this paper, we identify and characterize a phenomenon never discussed before, which we call semantic leakage, where models leak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hila Gonen , Terra Blevins , Alisa Liu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Noah A. Smith

Gender bias research has been pivotal in revealing undesirable behaviors in large language models, exposing serious gender stereotypes associated with occupations, and emotions. A key observation in prior work is that models reinforce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Catarina G Belém , Preethi Seshadri , Yasaman Razeghi , Sameer Singh

Sparse Autoencoders uncover thousands of features in vision models, yet explaining these features without requiring human intervention remains an open challenge. While previous work has proposed generating correlation-based explanations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Javier Ferrando , Enrique Lopez-Cuena , Pablo Agustin Martin-Torres , Daniel Hinjos , Anna Arias-Duart , Dario Garcia-Gasulla

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence has enabled models capable of producing complex textual and visual outputs; however, their decision-making processes remain largely opaque, limiting trust and accountability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zeinab Dehghani

As deep learning models are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, explainability and trustworthiness become major concerns. For simple images, such as low-resolution face portraits, synthesizing visual counterfactual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Paul Jacob , Éloi Zablocki , Hédi Ben-Younes , Mickaël Chen , Patrick Pérez , Matthieu Cord

While recent works have been considerably improving the quality of the natural language explanations (NLEs) generated by a model to justify its predictions, there is very limited research in detecting and alleviating inconsistencies among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Myeongjun Jang , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Oana-Maria Camburu

Large language models trained under diverse objectives and architectures have been shown to develop increasingly similar internal representations, an observation formalized as the Platonic Representation Hypothesis. Whether this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Muhammad Usama , Dong Eui Chang

Large Language Model agents have rapidly evolved from static text generators into dynamic systems capable of executing complex autonomous workflows. To enhance reliability, multi-agent frameworks assigning specialized roles are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Bobo Li , Rui Wu , Zibo Ji , Meishan Zhang , Hao Fei , Min Zhang , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Self-supervised speaker embeddings are widely used in speaker verification systems, but prior work has shown that they often encode sensitive demographic attributes, raising fairness and privacy concerns. This paper investigates the extent…

Recent researches indicate that Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) possess cognitive constructs similar to those observed in humans, prompting researchers to investigate the cognitive aspects of LLMs. This paper focuses on explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Dongming Zhao , Kun Huang , Yan Wang , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Large language models (LLMs) acquire beliefs about gender from training data and can therefore generate text with stereotypical gender attitudes. Prior studies have demonstrated model generations favor one gender or exhibit stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sharon Levy , William D. Adler , Tahilin Sanchez Karver , Mark Dredze , Michelle R. Kaufman