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Image-Text pretraining on web-scale image caption datasets has become the default recipe for open vocabulary classification and retrieval models thanks to the success of CLIP and its variants. Several works have also used CLIP features for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Yongqin Xian , Xiaohua Zhai , Lukas Hoyer , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

Autonomous control of multi-stage industrial processes requires both local specialization and global coordination. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising approach, but its industrial adoption remains limited due to challenges such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Tom Maus , Asma Atamna , Tobias Glasmachers

Recently, self-supervised contrastive learning has achieved great success on various tasks. However, its underlying working mechanism is yet unclear. In this paper, we first provide the tightest bounds based on the widely adopted assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Qi Zhang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in complex control tasks, particularly when combined with deep neural networks within the Actor-Critic (AC) framework. However, in practical applications, balancing exploration, learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhiwei Shang , Xinyi Yuan , Wenjun Huang , Yunduan Cui , Di Chen , Meixin Zhu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) on mathematics and programming tasks, but standard approaches that optimize single-attempt accuracy can inadvertently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Devan Shah , Owen Yang , Daniel Yang , Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach

Deep reinforcement learning can generate complex control policies, but requires large amounts of training data to work effectively. Recent work has attempted to address this issue by leveraging differentiable simulators. However, inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Jie Xu , Viktor Makoviychuk , Yashraj Narang , Fabio Ramos , Wojciech Matusik , Animesh Garg , Miles Macklin

In recent years, a variety of powerful LLM-based agentic systems have been applied to automate complex tasks through task orchestration. However, existing orchestration methods still face key challenges, including strategy collapse under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mingda Zhang , Tiesunlong Shen , Haoran Luo , Wenjin Liu , Zikai Xiao , Erik Cambria , Xiaoying Tang

In sequential decision-making problems, Return-Conditioned Supervised Learning (RCSL) has gained increasing recognition for its simplicity and stability in modern decision-making tasks. Unlike traditional offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhishuai Liu , Yu Yang , Ruhan Wang , Pan Xu , Dongruo Zhou

Skills are temporal abstractions that are intended to improve reinforcement learning (RL) performance through hierarchical RL. Despite our intuition about the properties of an environment that make skills useful, a precise characterization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zhening Li , Gabriel Poesia , Armando Solar-Lezama

Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to discover diverse behaviors that can accelerate the learning of downstream tasks. Previous methods typically focus on entropy-based exploration or empowerment-driven skill learning. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ting Xiao , Jiakun Zheng , Rushuai Yang , Kang Xu , Qiaosheng Zhang , Peng Liu , Chenjia Bai

As an important algorithm in deep reinforcement learning, advantage actor critic (A2C) has been widely succeeded in both discrete and continuous control tasks with raw pixel inputs, but its sample efficiency still needs to improve more. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yuan Wang , Chunyuan Zhang , Tianzong Yu , Meng Ma

In this work, we present a reward-driven automated curriculum reinforcement learning approach for interaction-aware self-driving at unsignalized intersections, taking into account the uncertainties associated with surrounding vehicles…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Zengqi Peng , Xiao Zhou , Lei Zheng , Yubin Wang , Jun Ma

Like humans, deep networks have been shown to learn better when samples are organized and introduced in a meaningful order or curriculum. Conventional curriculum learning schemes introduce samples in their order of difficulty. This forces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Madan Ravi Ganesh , Jason J. Corso

We present GuidedSAC, a novel reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that facilitates efficient exploration in vast state-action spaces. GuidedSAC leverages large language models (LLMs) as intelligent supervisors that provide action-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Hao Ma , Zhiqiang Pu , Xiaolin Ai , Huimu Wang

Generalizing policies to unseen scenarios remains a critical challenge in visual reinforcement learning, where agents often overfit to the specific visual observations of the training environment. In unseen environments, distracting pixels…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jingbo Sun , Songjun Tu , Qichao Zhang , Ke Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) aims to reconstruct the reward function from expert demonstrations to facilitate policy learning, and has demonstrated its remarkable success in imitation learning. To promote expert-like behavior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Shunyu Liu , Yunpeng Qing , Shuqi Xu , Hongyan Wu , Jiangtao Zhang , Jingyuan Cong , Tianhao Chen , Yunfu Liu , Mingli Song

When ML algorithms are deployed to automate human-related decisions, human agents may learn the underlying decision policies and adapt their behavior. Strategic Classification (SC) has emerged as a framework for studying this interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Tian Xie , Pavan Rauch , Xueru Zhang

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown strong promise for LLM reasoning, but outcome-based RLVR remains inefficient on hard problems because correct final-answer rollouts are rare and sample-level credit assignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xitai Jiang , Zihan Tang , Wenze Lin , Yang Yue , Shenzhi Wang , Gao Huang

Recently, Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been established as a highly effective technique for augmenting the math reasoning skills of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on a single instance. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rudray Dave , Vedang Dubey , Smit Deoghare , Sudhakar Mishra