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The pursuit of real-time agentic interaction has driven interest in Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) as alternatives to auto-regressive backbones, promising to break the sequential latency bottleneck. However, does such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Kanjian Zhang , Jinxia Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) provide a fast and flexible alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) via iterative denoising with parallel updates. However, their evaluation is challenging: existing metrics conflate denoiser…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Luhan Tang , Longxuan Yu , Shaorong Zhang , Greg Ver Steeg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in assisting users to query databases in natural language. While LLM-based techniques provide state-of-the-art results on many standard benchmarks, their performance significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Nina Narodytska , Shay Vargaftik

Feature transformation aims to reconstruct the feature space of raw features to enhance the performance of downstream models. However, the exponential growth in the combinations of features and operations poses a challenge, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Nanxu Gong , Chandan K. Reddy , Wangyang Ying , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the concept of semantic diffusion as a complementary instrument to large language models (LLMs) for design applications. Conventional LLMs and diffusion models fail to induce a convergent,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Alexander P. Ryjov , Alina A. Egorova

While diffusion Multimodal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable strides in multimodal generation, the development of interpretability mechanisms has lagged behind their architectural evolution. Unlike traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haomin Zuo , Yidi Li , Luoxiao Yang , Xiaofeng Zhang

Autoregressive (AR) large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks, yet their inherent sequential decoding limits inference efficiency. In this work, we propose Fast-dLLM v2,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chengyue Wu , Hao Zhang , Shuchen Xue , Shizhe Diao , Yonggan Fu , Zhijian Liu , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Enze Xie

Modern LLM pre-training consumes vast amounts of compute and training data, making the scaling behavior, or scaling laws, of different models a key distinguishing factor. Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) have been proposed as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Dimitri von Rütte , Janis Fluri , Omead Pooladzandi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Thomas Hofmann , Antonio Orvieto

While Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are theoretically well-suited for iterative refinement due to their non-causal structure, they often fail to reliably revise incorrect tokens in practice. The key challenge lies in the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shuibai Zhang , Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Yiheng Zhang , Jin Pan , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Autoregressive (AR) large audio language models (LALMs) such as Qwen-2.5-Omni have achieved strong performance on audio understanding and interaction, but scaling them remains costly in data and computation, and strictly sequential decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaming Zhou , Xuxin Cheng , Shiwan Zhao , Yuhang Jia , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai , Yong Qin

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for large language models (LLMs), yet the non-deterministic behavior of DLMs remains poorly understood. The existing non-determinism evaluations for LLMs predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyu Fang , Zhimeng Jiang , Huiyuan Chen , Xiaoge Zhang , Tianyi Li , Kaiyu Tang , Xiao Li , Jing Li

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have become central to modern AI workflows, powering applications from open-ended text generation to complex agent-based reasoning. However, debugging these models remains a persistent challenge due to their…

Diffusion language models (dLLMs) recently emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive LLMs. The latest works further extended it to multimodal understanding and generation tasks. In this work, we propose LaViDa-R1, a multimodal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shufan Li , Yuchen Zhu , Jiuxiang Gu , Kangning Liu , Zhe Lin , Yongxin Chen , Molei Tao , Aditya Grover , Jason Kuen

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer attractive advantages over Auto-Regressive (AR) models, such as full-attention parallel decoding and flexible generation. However, standard DLM training uses a static, single-step masked prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Sinno Jialin Pan , Yunhe Wang , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, since LLMs can only incorporate new knowledge through training or supervised fine-tuning processes, they are unsuitable for applications that…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zongyue Qin , Chen Luo , Zhengyang Wang , Haoming Jiang , Yizhou Sun

Synthetic tabular data generation has attracted growing attention due to its importance for data augmentation, foundation models, and privacy. However, real-world tabular datasets increasingly contain free-form text fields (e.g., reviews or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Donghong Cai , Jiarui Feng , Yanbo Wang , Da Zheng , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) are rapidly emerging alongside autoregressive models as a powerful paradigm for complex reasoning, with reinforcement learning increasingly used for downstream alignment. Existing trajectory-based RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen , Kaifei Wang

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has seen significant advancements with large language models (LLMs). However, these models often depend on closed-source systems and high computational resources, posing challenges in data privacy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenqi Pei , Hailing Xu , Hengyuan Zhao , Shizheng Hou , Han Chen , Zining Zhang , Pingyi Luo , Bingsheng He