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GUI agents drive applications through their visual interfaces instead of programmatic APIs, interacting with arbitrary software via taps, swipes, and keystrokes, reaching a long tail of applications that CLI-based agents cannot. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Fei Tang , Zhiqiong Lu , Boxuan Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Automated GUI testing is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of Android apps. However, the efficacy of existing UI testing techniques is often limited, especially in terms of coverage. Recent studies, including the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Wei Minn , Biniam Fisseha Demissie , Yan Naing Tun , Jiakun Liu , Mariano Ceccato , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Recent advances in mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents highlight the growing need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks. While new online benchmarks offer more realistic testing than offline ones, they tend to focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qinzhuo Wu , Zhizhuo Yang , Hanhao Li , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan

With the increasing prevalence of fraudulent Android applications such as fake and malicious applications, it is crucial to detect them with high accuracy and adaptability. We present AgentDroid, a novel tool for Android fraudulent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ruwei Pan , Hongyu Zhang , Zhonghao Jiang , Ran Hou

Autonomous agents that navigate Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) to automate tasks like document editing and file management can greatly enhance computer workflows. While existing research focuses on online settings, desktop environments,…

Expecting the shipment of 1 billion Android devices in 2017, cyber criminals have naturally extended their vicious activities towards Google's mobile operating system. With an estimated number of 700 new Android applications released every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Sebastian Neuner , Victor van der Veen , Martina Lindorfer , Markus Huber , Georg Merzdovnik , Martin Mulazzani , Edgar Weippl

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

Android applications (apps) grow dramatically in recent years. Apps are user interface (UI) centric typically. Rapid UI responsiveness is key consideration to app developers. However, we still lack a handy tool for profiling app performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Yu Kang , Yangfan Zhou , Hui Xu , Michael R. Lyu

There are over 1.2 million applications on the Google Play store today with a large number of competing applications for any given use or function. This creates challenges for users in selecting the right application. Moreover, some of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Luigi Vigneri , Jaideep Chandrashekar , Ioannis Pefkianakis , Olivier Heen

Software testing is an important phase in the software development life-cycle because it helps in identifying bugs in a software system before it is shipped into the hand of its end users. There are numerous studies on how developers test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Luis Cruz , Rui Abreu , David Lo

Android apps are built on APIs that abstract core Android system functionalities. These APIs are officially documented in multiple files distributed with the Android source code or SDK, which we collectively refer to as Android API Lists…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sinan Wang , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Lili Wei , Yida Tao , Yepang Liu

The ubiquity of computing devices has led to an increased need to ensure not only that the applications deployed on them are correct with respect to their specifications, but also that the devices are used in an appropriate manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Luke Chircop , Christian Colombo , Gordon J. Pace

Background. Evidence suggests that mobile applications are not thoroughly tested as their desktop counterparts. In particular GUI testing is generally limited. Like web-based applications, mobile apps suffer from GUI test fragility, i.e.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Riccardo Coppola , Maurizio Morisio , Marco Torchiano

GUI is a bridge connecting user and application. Existing GUI testing tasks can be categorized into two groups: functionality testing and compatibility testing. While the functionality testing focuses on detecting application runtime bugs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jiaming Ye , Mulong Xie , Siyuan Chen , Fuyuan Zhang , Lei Ma , Zhenchang Xing , Jianjun Zhao

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is how users interact with mobile apps. To ensure it functions properly, testing engineers have to make sure it functions as intended, based on test requirements that are typically written in natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yongxiang Hu , Xuan Wang , Yingchuan Wang , Yu Zhang , Shiyu Guo , Chaoyi Chen , Xin Wang , Yangfan Zhou

Graphical User Interface (GUI) has become one of the most significant parts of mobile applications (apps). It is a direct bridge between mobile apps and end users, which directly affects the end user's experience. Neglecting GUI quality can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Ziyuan Tuo , Quanjun Zhang , Chunyang Chen , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Autonomous GUI agents based on vision-language models (VLMs) often assume deterministic environment responses, generating actions without verifying whether previous operations succeeded. In real-world settings with network latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuzhe Zhang , Xianwei Xue , Xingyong Wu , Mengke Chen , Chen Liu , Xinran He , Run Shao , Feiran Liu , Huanmin Xu , Qiutong Pan , Haiwei Wang

Security of mobile apps affects the security of their users. This has fueled the development of techniques to automatically detect vulnerabilities in mobile apps and help developers secure their apps; specifically, in the context of Android…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Joydeep Mitra , Venkatesh-Prasad Ranganath

The software industry aims to provide customers with quality software. Testing software is a critical and sensitive stage in ensuring software quality. Due to the increasing popularity of mobile devices, the use of Android applications has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Fatemeh Mosayeb , Shohreh Ajoudanian

Automated Program Repair (APR) is an emerging research field. Many APR techniques, for different programming language and platforms, have been proposed and evaluated on several Benchmarks. However, for our best knowledge, there not exists a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Larissa Azevedo , Altino Dantas , Celso G. Camilo-Junior