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Since the release of GPT2-1.5B in 2019, the large language models (LLMs) have evolved from specialized deep models to versatile foundation models. While demonstrating remarkable zero-shot ability, the LLMs still require fine-tuning on local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yanjie Dong , Haijun Zhang , Chengming Li , Song Guo , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

Word embeddings are a powerful approach for analyzing language and have been widely popular in numerous tasks in information retrieval and text mining. Training embeddings over huge corpora is computationally expensive because the input is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Avishek Anand , Megha Khosla , Jaspreet Singh , Jan-Hendrik Zab , Zijian Zhang

The increasing demand for intelligent mobile applications has made multi-agent collaboration with Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) essential in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. However, training LLMs in such environments…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jiewei Chen , Xiumei Deng , Zehui Xiong , Shaoyong Guo , Xuesong Qiu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

Training transformer models requires substantial GPU compute and memory resources. In homogeneous clusters, distributed strategies allocate resources evenly, but this approach is inefficient for heterogeneous clusters, where GPUs differ in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Runsheng Benson Guo , Utkarsh Anand , Arthur Chen , Khuzaima Daudjee

Federated Learning (FL) of Large Language Models (LLMs) in multilingual environments presents significant challenges stemming from heterogeneous language distributions across clients and disparities in language resource availability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Aleix Sant , Jordi Luque , Carlos Escolano

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, raising concerns about privacy, security and the need to remove undesirable knowledge. Machine Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution, yet faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yisheng Zhong , Zhengbang Yang , Zhuangdi Zhu

Huge neural network models have shown unprecedented performance in real-world applications. However, due to memory constraints, model parallelism must be utilized to host large models that would otherwise not fit into the memory of a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Qifan Xu , Shenggui Li , Chaoyu Gong , Yang You

This article presents an automatic approach to quickly derive a good solution for hardware resource partition and task granularity for task-based parallel applications on heterogeneous many-core architectures. Our approach employs a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Peng Zhang , Jianbin Fang , Canqun Yang , Chun Huang , Tao Tang , Zheng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are computationally intensive. The computation workload and the memory footprint grow quadratically with the dimension (layer width). Most of LLMs' parameters come from the linear layers of the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Xiao-Yang Liu , Jie Zhang , Guoxuan Wang , Weiqing Tong , Anwar Walid

The field of deep learning has witnessed a remarkable shift towards extremely compute- and memory-intensive neural networks. These newer larger models have enabled researchers to advance state-of-the-art tools across a variety of fields.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Daniel Nichols , Siddharth Singh , Shu-Huai Lin , Abhinav Bhatele

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) integrate visual and linguistic reasoning to address complex tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. While MLLMs demonstrate remarkable versatility, MLLMs appears limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenke Huang , Jian Liang , Xianda Guo , Yiyang Fang , Guancheng Wan , Xuankun Rong , Chi Wen , Zekun Shi , Qingyun Li , Didi Zhu , Yanbiao Ma , Ke Liang , Bin Yang , He Li , Jiawei Shao , Mang Ye , Bo Du

Heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) excel at capturing structural and semantic information in heterogeneous graphs (HGs), while struggling to generalize across domains and tasks. With the rapid advancement of large language models…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Jinyu Yang , Cheng Yang , Shanyuan Cui , Zeyuan Guo , Liangwei Yang , Muhan Zhang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Chuan Shi

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) achieve strong performance in both understanding and generation by learning a shared latent space, yet they often exhibit functional inconsistency between these two capabilities. We observe that this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Hayes Bai , Marios Savvides , Jindong Wang

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence have led to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, adapting these pre-trained models to dynamic data distributions and various tasks efficiently remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yukang Huo , Hao Tang

Large-language-models (LLMs) demonstrate enormous utility in long-context tasks which require processing prompts that consist of tens to hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, existing LLM training libraries do not provide easy to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ahan Gupta , Zhihao Wang , Neel Dani , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Minjia Zhang

Modern frameworks for training large foundation models (LFMs) employ dataloaders in a data-parallel manner, with each loader processing a disjoint subset of training data. When preparing data for LFM training that originates from multiple,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Juntao Zhao , Qi Lu , Wei Jia , Borui Wan , Lei Zuo , Junda Feng , Jianyu Jiang , Yangrui Chen , Shuaishuai Cao , Jialing He , Kaihua Jiang , Yuanzhe Hu , Shibiao Nong , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

Training large language models requires jointly configuring two interdependent aspects of the system: the global batch size, which governs statistical efficiency, and the 3D parallelism strategy, which governs hardware throughput. Existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Akhmed Sakip , Erland Hilman Fuadi , Omar Sayedelahl , Zonghang Li , Jianshu She , Alham Fikri Aji , Steve Liu , Eric Xing , Qirong Ho

Deploying a large language model (LLM) inference service remains costly because centralized serving depends on specialized GPU clusters and high-bandwidth interconnects in datacenters. An appealing alternative is to leverage collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chris Tong , Youhe Jiang , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Sibian Lu , Wenjie Qu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Binhang Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance without extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Tanuja Ganu , Akshay Nambi

Despite the success of multimodal contrastive learning in aligning visual and linguistic representations, a persistent geometric anomaly, the Modality Gap, remains: embeddings of distinct modalities expressing identical semantics occupy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiaomin Yu , Yi Xin , Yuhui Zhang , Wenjie Zhang , Chonghan Liu , Hanzhen Zhao , Chen Liu , Xiaoxing Hu , Ziyue Qiao , Hao Tang , Xiaobin Hu , Chengwei Qin , Hui Xiong , Yu Qiao , Shuicheng Yan