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Large language models (LLMs) are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. To improve their ability to solve complex problems requiring multi-step reasoning, recent research leverages process reward modeling to provide fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Large language models (LLMs) offer promise in generating educational content, providing instructor feedback, and reducing teacher workload on assessments. While prior studies have focused on studying LLM-powered learning analytics, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Anand Syamkumar , Nora Tseng , Kaycie Barron , Shanglin Yang , Shamya Karumbaiah , Rheeya Uppal , Junjie Hu

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate promising multilingual capabilities, their evaluation is currently hindered by two critical limitations: (1) the use of non-parallel corpora, which conflates inherent language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Junyuan Gao , Jiahe Song , Jiang Wu , Runchuan Zhu , Guanlin Shen , Shasha Wang , Xingjian Wei , Haote Yang , Songyang Zhang , Weijia Li , Bin Wang , Dahua Lin , Lijun Wu , Conghui He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Recently, many tool-use benchmark datasets have been proposed. However, existing…

The integration of pretrained language models (PLMs) like BERT and GPT has revolutionized NLP, particularly for English, but it has also created linguistic imbalances. This paper strategically identifies the need for linguistic equity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Somnath Banerjee , Avik Halder , Rajarshi Mandal , Sayan Layek , Ian Soboroff , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Multi-lingual competence in large language models is often evaluated via static data benchmarks such as Belebele, M-MMLU and M-GSM. However, these evaluations often fail to provide an adequate understanding of the practical performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Victor Ojewale , Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

Existing multilingual long-context benchmarks, often based on the popular needle-in-a-haystack test, primarily evaluate a model's ability to locate specific information buried within irrelevant texts. However, such a retrieval-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Amey Hengle , Prasoon Bajpai , Soham Dan , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Evaluating the performance of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), integrating both point cloud and language, presents significant challenges. The lack of a comprehensive assessment hampers determining whether these models truly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Junjie Zhang , Tianci Hu , Xiaoshui Huang , Yongshun Gong , Dan Zeng

Pre-trained multilingual language models have become an important building block in multilingual natural language processing. In the present paper, we investigate a range of such models to find out how well they transfer discourse-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Murathan Kurfalı , Robert Östling

Multilingual benchmarks guide the development of frontier models. Yet multilingual evaluations reported by frontier models are structured similar to popular reasoning and knowledge benchmarks, but across many languages. We show such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ronald Skorobogat , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Multilingual proficiency presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). English-centric models are usually suboptimal in other languages, particularly those that are linguistically distant from English. This performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Geyu Lin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Most safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) remain anchored in English. Translation is often used as a shortcut to probe multilingual behavior, but it rarely captures the full picture, especially when harmful intent or structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Vaibhav Shukla , Hardik Sharma , Adith N Reganti , Soham Wasmatkar , Bagesh Kumar , Vrijendra Singh

Generative large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit harmful biases and stereotypes. While safety fine-tuning typically takes place in English, if at all, these models are being used by speakers of many different languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years; however, their excellent performance is still largely limited to major world languages, primarily English. Many LLMs continue to face challenges with…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

At the staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, creating future-proof evaluation sets to assess their understanding becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Multilingual pre-trained language models, such as mBERT and XLM-R, have shown impressive cross-lingual ability. Surprisingly, both of them use multilingual masked language model (MLM) without any cross-lingual supervision or aligned data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yuan Chai , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan

Continual instruction tuning(CIT) during the post-training phase is crucial for adapting multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to evolving real-world demands. However, the progress is hampered by the lack of benchmarks with rigorous,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Haiyun Guo , Zhiyan Hou , Yandu Sun , Jinghan He , Yu Chen , Yuzhe Zhou , Yuheng Jia , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are expected to recall factual knowledge consistently across languages. However, the factors that give rise to such crosslingual consistency -- and its frequent failure -- remain poorly understood.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yihong Liu , Mingyang Wang , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), numerous evaluation benchmarks have emerged. However, comprehensive assessments of their performance across diverse industrial applications remain limited. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Dongyi Yi , Guibo Zhu , Chenglin Ding , Zongshu Li , Dong Yi , Jinqiao Wang