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The current advancement in and deployment of agentic AI systems has created a set of key challenges for the legal frameworks that govern their use. We cover two central components: first, the regulatory classification of agents under the EU…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Philipp Hacker , Matthias Holweg

Artificial agents now generate behavior rich enough to invite trust, surprise, and concern, yet our evaluation tools still privilege capability scores over psychological structure. This paper argues that the philosophical impasse between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Alex Bogdan , Adrian de Valois-Franklin

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly agentic, capable of general reasoning, planning, and value prioritization, current safety practices that treat obedience as a proxy for ethical behavior are becoming inadequate. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Joseph Boland

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet their deployment in high-stakes domains is hindered by inherent limitations in trustworthiness, including hallucinations, instability, and a lack of transparency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger

Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shiping Chen , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Xu Wang , Liming Zhu

As LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly deployed for complex tasks, ensuring their reliability has become a pressing challenge. Since MAS coordinate through unstructured natural language rather than rigid protocols, they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jin Jia , Zhiling Deng , Zhuangbin Chen , Yingqi Wang , Zibin Zheng

There is a growing focus on how to design safe artificial intelligent (AI) agents. As systems become more complex, poorly specified goals or control mechanisms may cause AI agents to engage in unwanted and harmful outcomes. Thus it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Mark Muraven

LLM-based autonomous agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in reasoning, planning, and tool use, yet remain limited when tasks require sustained coordination across roles, tools, and environments. Multi-agent systems address this…

The cognitive processes of the hypnotized mind and the computational operations of large language models (LLMs) share deep functional parallels. Both systems generate sophisticated, contextually appropriate behavior through automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Giuseppe Riva , Brenda K. Wiederhold , Fabrizia Mantovani

AI agents deployed on decentralized infrastructures are beginning to exhibit properties that extend beyond autonomy toward what we describe as agentic sovereignty-the capacity of an operational agent to persist, act, and control resources…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Botao Amber Hu , Helena Rong

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Agentic systems have transformed how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be leveraged to create autonomous systems with goal-directed behaviors, consisting of multi-step planning and the ability to interact with different environments. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Judy Zhu , Dhari Gandhi , Himanshu Joshi , Ahmad Rezaie Mianroodi , Sedef Akinli Kocak , Dhanesh Ramachandran

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

The rise of Agent AI and Large Language Model-powered Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) has underscored the need for responsible and dependable system operation. Tools like LangChain and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have expanded LLM…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Shuang Ao , Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Lokesh Singh , Guangliang Cheng , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

AI agents -- systems that plan, reason, and act using large language models -- produce non-deterministic, path-dependent behavior that cannot be fully governed at design time, where with governed we mean striking the right balance between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maurits Kaptein , Vassilis-Javed Khan , Andriy Podstavnychy

As AI systems become increasingly capable, safety strategies must be evaluated not only by how much they reduce present risk, but by whether they could sustain safety once external control can no longer reliably constrain system behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 James M. Mazzu

Traditional AI reasoning techniques have been used successfully in many domains, including logistics, scheduling and game playing. This paper is part of a project aimed at investigating how such techniques can be extended to coordinate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Marcello Balduccini , William C. Regli , Duc N. Nguyen

Large language model agents suffer from fundamental architectural problems: entangled reasoning and execution, memory volatility, and uncontrolled action sequences. We introduce Structured Cognitive Loop (SCL), a modular architecture that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Myung Ho Kim

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly interact, collaborate, and delegate tasks to one another autonomously with minimal human interaction. Industry guidelines for agentic system governance emphasize the need for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Georgios Syros , Anshuman Suri , Jacob Ginesin , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Alina Oprea

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a transformative shift in artificial intelligence, paving the way for advanced intelligent agents capable of sophisticated reasoning, robust perception, and versatile action across…