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Edge computing is a popular target for accelerating machine learning algorithms supporting mobile devices without requiring the communication latencies to handle them in the cloud. Edge deployments of machine learning primarily consider…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sébastien Ollivier , Sheng Li , Yue Tang , Chayanika Chaudhuri , Peipei Zhou , Xulong Tang , Jingtong Hu , Alex K. Jones

Today, deep learning optimization is primarily driven by research focused on achieving high inference accuracy and reducing latency. However, the energy efficiency aspect is often overlooked, possibly due to a lack of sustainability mindset…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaolong Tu , Anik Mallik , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han , Onur Altintas , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie

The rise of generative AI for tasks like Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has created a critical energy consumption challenge. While ASICs offer high efficiency, they lack the programmability to adapt to evolving algorithms. To address…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Takuto Ando , Yu Eto , Ayumu Takeuchi , Yasuhiko Nakashima

As AI's energy demand continues to grow, it is critical to enhance the understanding of characteristics of this demand, to improve grid infrastructure planning and environmental assessment. By combining empirical measurements from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alex C. Newkirk , Jared Fernandez , Jonathan Koomey , Imran Latif , Emma Strubell , Arman Shehabi , Constantine Samaras

The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its cutting-edge AI-enabled applications (e.g., autonomous vehicles and smart industries) combine two paradigms: data-driven systems and their deployment on the edge. Usually, edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ghazal Sobhani , Md. Monzurul Amin Ifath , Tushar Sharma , Israat Haque

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sadasivan Shankar

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly significant role in our everyday lives. This trend is expected to continue, especially with recent pushes to move more AI to the edge. However, one of the biggest challenges associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Cory Merkel

The growing deployment of Vision Transformers (ViTs) on energy-constrained devices requires evaluation methods that go beyond accuracy alone. We present a two-stage pipeline for assessing ViT energy efficiency that combines device-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Nursultan Amanzhol , Jurn-Gyu Park

AI agents are increasingly deployed in multi-tenant cloud environments, where they execute diverse tool calls within sandboxed containers, each call with distinct resource demands and rapid fluctuations. We present a systematic…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yusheng Zheng , Jiakun Fan , Quanzhi Fu , Yiwei Yang , Wei Zhang , Andi Quinn

In the post-Moore's Law era, relying solely on hardware advancements for automatic performance gains is no longer feasible without increased energy consumption, due to the end of Dennard scaling. Consequently, computing accounts for an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Hongyu Hè , Michal Friedman , Theodoros Rekatsinas

There has been a recent surge in the field of Explainable AI (XAI) which tackles the problem of providing insights into the behavior of black-box machine learning models. Within this field, \textit{feature attribution} encompasses methods…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Ashwin Bhat , Adou Sangbone Assoa , Arijit Raychowdhury

Nowadays, many AI applications utilizing resource-constrained edge devices (e.g., small mobile robots, tiny IoT devices, etc.) require Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference on a distributed system at the edge due to limited resources…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Erqian Tang , Xiaotian Guo , Todor Stefanov

The path to higher network autonomy in 6G lies beyond the mere optimization of key performance indicators (KPIs), requiring systems that perceive and reason over the network environment as it is. This can be achieved through agentic AI,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hatim Chergui , Farhad Rezazadeh , Merouane Debbah , Christos Verikoukis

The proliferation of GPU accelerated edge devices like Nvidia Jetsons and the rise in privacy concerns are placing an emphasis on concurrent DNN training and inferencing on edge devices. Inference and training have different computing and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Prashanthi S. K. , Saisamarth Taluri , Pranav Gupta , Amartya Ranjan Saikia , Kunal Kumar Sahoo , Atharva Vinay Joshi , Lakshya Karwa , Kedar Dhule , Yogesh Simmhan

The rapid emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed Agentic artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous systems integrating perception, reasoning, and action into closed-loop pipelines for continuous adaptation. While unlocking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Xiaojing Chen , Haiqi Yu , Wei Ni , Dusit Niyato , Ruichen Zhang , Xin Wang , Shunqing Zhang , Shugong Xu

EdgeAI (Edge computing based Artificial Intelligence) has been most actively researched for the last few years to handle variety of massively distributed AI applications to meet up the strict latency requirements. Meanwhile, many companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Stephan Patrick Baller , Anshul Jindal , Mohak Chadha , Michael Gerndt

Current AI energy benchmarks measure consumption at the granularity of a single model invocation or training run. For classical single-turn workloads this unit remains coherent. For agentic systems - where a single user goal may trigger…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Deepak Panigrahy , Aakash Tyagi

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) enhances AI system transparency by framing interpretability as an optimization problem. However, this approach often necessitates numerous iterations of computationally intensive operations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ayesha Siddique , Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

As AI-driven computing infrastructures rapidly scale, discussions around data center design often emphasize energy consumption, water and electricity usage, workload scheduling, and thermal management. However, these perspectives often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuzhuo Li , Yunwei Li

Space missions increasingly deploy high-fidelity sensors that produce data volumes exceeding onboard buffering and downlink capacity. This work evaluates FPGA acceleration of neural networks (NNs) across four space use cases on the AMD…