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Machine unlearning seeks to selectively remove the "influence" of specific training data on a model's outputs. The ideal goal is Retrain Equivalence--behavior identical to a model trained from scratch on only the retained data. This goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jiatong Yu , Yinghui He , Anirudh Goyal , Sanjeev Arora

Unlearning algorithms aim to remove deleted data's influence from trained models at a cost lower than full retraining. However, prior guarantees of unlearning in literature are flawed and don't protect the privacy of deleted records. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-15 Rishav Chourasia , Neil Shah

In the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, privacy protection has become crucial, giving rise to machine unlearning. Machine unlearning is a technique that removes specific data influences from trained models without the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenhan Chang , Tianqing Zhu , Ping Xiong , Yufeng Wu , Faqian Guan , Wanlei Zhou

Privacy concerns associated with machine learning models have driven research into machine unlearning, which aims to erase the memory of specific target training data from already trained models. This issue also arises in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yuyuan Li , Jiaming Zhang , Yixiu Liu , Chaochao Chen

The growing legal and ethical scrutiny of large language models (LLMs) necessitates effective machine unlearning, particularly for sensitive or unauthorized data. Existing empirical methods often yield incomplete forgetting or unintended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ameya Anjarlekar , Sandeep Pombra

This study investigates the machine unlearning techniques within the context of large language models (LLMs), referred to as \textit{LLM unlearning}. LLM unlearning offers a principled approach to removing the influence of undesirable data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Geng , Qing Li , Herbert Woisetschlaeger , Zongxiong Chen , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Preslav Nakov , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Fakhri Karray

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

The "Right to be Forgotten" rule in machine learning (ML) practice enables some individual data to be deleted from a trained model, as pursued by recently developed machine unlearning techniques. To truly comply with the rule, a natural and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jiasi Weng , Shenglong Yao , Yuefeng Du , Junjie Huang , Jian Weng , Cong Wang

Many approximate machine unlearning methods demonstrate strong logit-level forgetting -- such as near-zero accuracy on the forget set -- yet continue to preserve substantial information within their internal feature representations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jaewon Lee , Yongwoo Kim , Donghyun Kim

Recent progress in Machine Unlearning (MU) has introduced solutions for the selective removal of private or sensitive information encoded within deep neural networks. Nonetheless, MU for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiahao Huo , Yibo Yan , Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Xin Zou , Zhihua Wei , Xuming Hu

Machine unlearning enables pre-trained models to remove the effect of certain portions of training data. Previous machine unlearning schemes have mainly focused on unlearning a cluster of instances or all instances belonging to a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

Machine unlearning is the process of removing the imprint left by specific data samples during the training of a machine learning model. AI developers, including those building personalized technologies, employ machine unlearning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technologies in face recognition and other fields, data privacy security issues have received extensive attention, especially the \textit{right to be forgotten} emphasized by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weidong Zheng , Kongyang Chen , Yao Huang , Yuanwei Guo , Yatie Xiao

As concerns around data privacy in machine learning grow, the ability to unlearn, or remove, specific data points from trained models becomes increasingly important. While state of the art unlearning methods have emerged in response, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Anat Kleiman , Robert Fisher , Ben Deaner , Udi Wieder

With the increasing demand for the right to be forgotten, machine unlearning (MU) has emerged as a vital tool for enhancing trust and regulatory compliance by enabling the removal of sensitive data influences from machine learning (ML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuhao Sun , Yihua Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Hongtao Xie , Sijia Liu

In machine unlearning, $(\varepsilon,\delta)-$unlearning is a popular framework that provides formal guarantees on the effectiveness of the removal of a subset of training data, the forget set, from a trained model. For strongly convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Martin Van Waerebeke , Marco Lorenzi , Kevin Scaman , El Mahdi El Mhamdi , Giovanni Neglia

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of problematic training data after a model has been trained. The primary challenge in machine unlearning is ensuring that the process effectively removes specified data without compromising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aviv Shamsian , Eitan Shaar , Aviv Navon , Gal Chechik , Ethan Fetaya

Machine unlearning algorithms aim to efficiently remove data from a model without retraining it from scratch, in order to remove corrupted or outdated data or respect a user's ``right to be forgotten." Certified machine unlearning is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Siqiao Mu , Diego Klabjan

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive, copyrighted, and harmful knowledge from the training corpus; therefore, it is crucial to erase this knowledge from the models. Machine unlearning is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhitao He , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of specific training samples from a well-trained model, a task of growing importance due to the ``right to be forgotten.'' The unlearned model should approach the retrained model, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinwen Cheng , Zhehao Huang , Wenxin Zhou , Zhengbao He , Ruikai Yang , Yingwen Wu , Xiaolin Huang