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Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit highly agreeable and reinforcing conversational styles, also known as AI-sycophancy. Although this pattern arises from training objectives that reward user satisfaction over accuracy, it may become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zeyi Lu , Angelica Henestrosa , Pavel Chizhov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

A growing body of research assumes that large language model (LLM) agents can serve as proxies for how people form attitudes toward and behave in response to security and privacy (S&P) threats. If correct, these simulations could offer a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuxuan Li , Leyang Li , Hao-Ping Lee , Sauvik Das

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in educational, clinical, and professional settings, but their tendency for sycophancy -- prioritizing user agreement over independent reasoning -- poses risks to reliability. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Aaron Fanous , Jacob Goldberg , Ank A. Agarwal , Joanna Lin , Anson Zhou , Roxana Daneshjou , Sanmi Koyejo

Given the increased use of LLMs in financial systems today, it becomes important to evaluate the safety and robustness of such systems. One failure mode that LLMs frequently display in general domain settings is that of sycophancy. That is,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhenyu Zhao , Aparna Balagopalan , Adi Agrawal , Dilshoda Yergasheva , Waseem Alshikh , Daniel M. Bikel

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophantic behavior, agreeing with user-stated opinions even when those contradict factual knowledge. While prior work has documented this tendency, the internal mechanisms that enable such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Keyu Wang , Jin Li , Shu Yang , Zhuoran Zhang , Di Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophancy, distorting responses to align with user beliefs, notably by readily agreeing with user counterarguments. Paradoxically, LLMs are increasingly adopted as successful evaluative agents for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sungwon Kim , Daniel Khashabi

Behavioral alignment in large language models (LLMs) is often achieved through broad fine-tuning, which can result in undesired side effects like distributional shift and low interpretability. We propose a method for alignment that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Claire O'Brien , Jessica Seto , Dristi Roy , Aditya Dwivedi , Sunishchal Dev , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Ashwinee Panda , Ryan Lagasse

Modern large language models (LLMs) are increasingly fine-tuned via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or related reward optimisation schemes. While such procedures improve perceived helpfulness, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Subramanyam Sahoo

This study presents PARROT (Persuasion and Agreement Robustness Rating of Output Truth), a robustness focused framework designed to measure the degradation in accuracy that occurs under social pressure exerted on users through authority and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yusuf Çelebi , Özay Ezerceli , Mahmoud El Hussieni

As a relative quality comparison of model responses, human and Large Language Model (LLM) preferences serve as common alignment goals in model fine-tuning and criteria in evaluation. Yet, these preferences merely reflect broad tendencies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Junlong Li , Fan Zhou , Shichao Sun , Yikai Zhang , Hai Zhao , Pengfei Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) based on human preferences, commonly achieved through reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), has been effective in improving their performance. However, maintaining LLM safety throughout…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yingshui Tan , Yilei Jiang , Yanshi Li , Jiaheng Liu , Xingyuan Bu , Wenbo Su , Xiangyu Yue , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Both the general public and academic communities have raised concerns about sycophancy, the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) excessively agreeing with or flattering users. Yet, beyond isolated media reports of severe consequences,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Myra Cheng , Cinoo Lee , Pranav Khadpe , Sunny Yu , Dyllan Han , Dan Jurafsky

The demand for regulating potentially risky behaviors of large language models (LLMs) has ignited research on alignment methods. Since LLM alignment heavily relies on reward models for optimization or evaluation, neglecting the quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yan Liu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiaokang Chen , Jing Yao , Jingwei Yi , Daoguang Zan , Zheng Liu , Xing Xie , Tsung-Yi Ho

With the rise of large language models (LLMs), ensuring they embody the principles of being helpful, honest, and harmless (3H), known as Human Alignment, becomes crucial. While existing alignment methods like RLHF, DPO, etc., effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shu Yang , Jiayuan Su , Han Jiang , Mengdi Li , Keyuan Cheng , Muhammad Asif Ali , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are currently aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, these methods use scalar rewards that can only reflect user preferences on average. Pluralistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jadie Adams , Brian Hu , Emily Veenhuis , David Joy , Bharadwaj Ravichandran , Aaron Bray , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat

Aligning large language models (LLMs) typically aim to reflect general human values and behaviors, but they often fail to capture the unique characteristics and preferences of individual users. To address this gap, we introduce the concept…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Researchers in social science and psychology have recently proposed using large language models (LLMs) as replacements for humans in behavioral research. In addition to arguments about whether LLMs accurately capture population-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sonia K. Murthy , Tomer Ullman , Jennifer Hu

In the study of LLMs, sycophancy represents a prevalent hallucination that poses significant challenges to these models. Specifically, LLMs often fail to adhere to original correct responses, instead blindly agreeing with users' opinions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shuo Li , Tao Ji , Xiaoran Fan , Linsheng Lu , Leyi Yang , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Rui Zheng , Yuran Wang , Xiaohui Zhao , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) can fluently generate student-like responses, making them attractive as simulated students for training and evaluating AI tutors and human educators. Yet such simulators are typically evaluated by output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Heejin Do , Shashank Sonkar , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly acting as collaborative writing partners, raising questions about their impact on human agency. In this exploratory work, we investigate five "dark patterns" in human-AI co-creativity -- subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhu Li , Jiaming Qu , Yuan Chang