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With the spread of social networks and their unfortunate use for hate speech, automatic detection of the latter has become a pressing problem. In this paper, we reproduce seven state-of-the-art hate speech detection models from prior work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Tommi Gröndahl , Luca Pajola , Mika Juuti , Mauro Conti , N. Asokan

This work pioneers the utilization of generative features in enhancing audio understanding. Unlike conventional discriminative features that directly optimize posterior and thus emphasize semantic abstraction while losing fine grained…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zeyu Xie , Chenxing Li , Xuenan Xu , Mengyue Wu , Wenfu Wang , Ruibo Fu , Meng Yu , Dong Yu , Yuexian Zou

It is increasingly recognized that human annotators do not always agree, and such disagreement is inherent in many annotation tasks. However, not all instances in a given task elicit the same degree of opinion divergence. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Leixin Zhang , Çağrı Çöltekin

The goal of our research is to contribute information about how useful the crowd is at anticipating stereotypes that may be biasing a data set without a researcher's knowledge. The results of the crowd's prediction can potentially be used…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Zeyuan Hu , Julia Strout

Our work advances an approach for predicting hate speech in social media, drawing out the critical need to consider the discussions that follow a post to successfully detect when hateful discourse may arise. Using graph transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Liam Hebert , Hong Yi Chen , Robin Cohen , Lukasz Golab

Abusive speech on social media poses a persistent and evolving challenge, driven by the continuous emergence of novel slang and obfuscated terms designed to circumvent detection systems. In this work, we present a data efficient strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pritish N. Desai , Tanay Kewalramani , Srimanta Mandal

The interest in demographic information retrieval based on text data has increased in the research community because applications have shown success in different sectors such as security, marketing, heath-care, and others. Recognition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Daniel Escobar-Grisales , Juan Camilo Vasquez-Correa , Juan Rafael Orozco-Arroyave

Active learning is a powerful tool when labelling data is expensive, but it introduces a bias because the training data no longer follows the population distribution. We formalize this bias and investigate the situations in which it can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Sebastian Farquhar , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Implicit hate speech has recently emerged as a critical challenge for social media platforms. While much of the research has traditionally focused on harmful speech in general, the need for generalizable techniques to detect veiled and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Saad Almohaimeed , Saleh Almohaimeed , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

Algorithmic hate speech detection faces significant challenges due to the diverse definitions and datasets used in research and practice. Social media platforms, legal frameworks, and institutions each apply distinct yet overlapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jan Fillies , Adrian Paschke

With the proliferation of social media, there has been a sharp increase in offensive content, particularly targeting vulnerable groups, exacerbating social problems such as hatred, racism, and sexism. Detecting offensive language use is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Toygar Tanyel , Besher Alkurdi , Serkan Ayvaz

Cognitive psychologists have documented that humans use cognitive heuristics, or mental shortcuts, to make quick decisions while expending less effort. While performing annotation work on crowdsourcing platforms, we hypothesize that such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Chaitanya Malaviya , Sudeep Bhatia , Mark Yatskar

Well-annotated data is a prerequisite for good Natural Language Processing models. Too often, though, annotation decisions are governed by optimizing time or annotator agreement. We make a case for nuanced efforts in an interdisciplinary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Federico Bianchi , Stefanie Anja Hills , Patricia Rossini , Dirk Hovy , Rebekah Tromble , Nava Tintarev

This study uses the cosine similarity ratio, embedding regression, and manual re-annotation to diagnose hate speech classification. We begin by computing cosine similarity ratio on a dataset "Measuring Hate Speech" that contains 135,556…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xilin Yang

Face-based age estimation has attracted enormous attention due to wide applications to public security surveillance, human-computer interaction, etc. With vigorous development of deep learning, age estimation based on deep neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Zhicheng Cao , Kaituo Zhang , Liaojun Pang , Heng Zhao

Considering the importance of detecting hateful language, labeled hate speech data is expensive and time-consuming to collect, particularly for low-resource languages. Prior work has demonstrated the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Faeze Ghorbanpour , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

Online harassment in the form of hate speech has been on the rise in recent years. Addressing the issue requires a combination of content moderation by people, aided by automatic detection methods. As content moderation is itself harmful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Vanessa Murdock

For socially sensitive tasks like hate speech detection, the quality of explanations from Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for factors like user trust and model alignment. While Persona prompting (PP) is increasingly used as a way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jing Yang , Moritz Hechtbauer , Elisabeth Khalilov , Evelyn Luise Brinkmann , Vera Schmitt , Nils Feldhus

One of the critical challenges in machine learning applications is to have fair predictions. There are numerous recent examples in various domains that convincingly show that algorithms trained with biased datasets can easily lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Samaneh Abbasi-Sureshjani , Ralf Raumanns , Britt E. J. Michels , Gerard Schouten , Veronika Cheplygina

Automatic hate speech detection using deep neural models is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasets, leading to poor generalization. To mitigate this problem, generative AI has been utilized to generate large amounts of synthetic hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Sagi Pendzel , Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov