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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education requires scalable and efficient frameworks that balance performance, adaptability, and cost. This paper addresses these needs by proposing a shared backbone model architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ehsan Latif , Xiaoming Zhai

AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations…

AI agents are entering high-risk production settings, where they use tools, retain context, follow policies, handle private data, and interact with users over multiple turns. Yet many evaluation methods still judge isolated outputs or…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fouad Bousetouane

Transfer learning with pre-training on large-scale datasets has played an increasingly significant role in computer vision and natural language processing recently. However, as there exist numerous application scenarios that have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xingyuan Bu , Junran Peng , Junjie Yan , Tieniu Tan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The development of LLMs has elevated AI agents from task-specific tools to long-lived, decision-making entities. Yet, most architectures remain static and reactive, tethered to manually defined, narrow scenarios. These systems excel at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mingyang Sun , Feng Hong , Weinan Zhang

Agentic AI workflows (systems that autonomously plan and act) are becoming widespread, yet their task success rate on complex tasks remains low. A promising solution is inference-time alignment, which uses extra compute at test time to…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning environment in isolation. We identify this structural gap as \emph{Agent-Environment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihao Hu , Zhihao Wen , Xiujin Liu , Pan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong progress on scientific reasoning, yet two major bottlenecks remain. First, explicit retrieval fragments reasoning, imposing a hidden "tool tax" of extra tokens and steps. Second,…

Can AI accelerate the development of AI itself? While recent agentic systems have shown strong performance on well-scoped tasks with rapid feedback, it remains unclear whether they can tackle the costly, long-horizon, and weakly supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Weixian Xu , Tiantian Mi , Yixiu Liu , Yang Nan , Zhimeng Zhou , Lyumanshan Ye , Lin Zhang , Yu Qiao , Pengfei Liu

Modern AI progress has been driven by ML methods that are generalizable across settings and scalable to larger regimes. As large language models demonstrate advanced capabilities in reasoning, coding, and engineering tasks, it is…

AI agents deployed as persistent assistants must maintain correct beliefs as their information environment evolves. In practice, evidence is scattered across heterogeneous sources that often contradict one another, new information can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haonian Ji , Kaiwen Xiong , Siwei Han , Peng Xia , Shi Qiu , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Jinlong Li , Bingzhou Li , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) are fluent but largely static after pre-training; new or shifting knowledge is typically added with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) or fine-tuning. RAG raises latency and engineering overhead and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rimom Costa

Deep metric learning aims to learn an embedding space, where semantically similar samples are close together and dissimilar ones are repelled against. To explore more hard and informative training signals for augmentation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Zheren Fu , Zhendong Mao , Bo Hu , An-An Liu , Yongdong Zhang

Meta-reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) facilitates rapid adaptation to unseen tasks but faces challenges in long-horizon environments. Skill-based approaches tackle this by decomposing state-action sequences into reusable skills and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sanghyeon Lee , Sangjun Bae , Yisak Park , Seungyul Han

Large Language Models produce a controllability gap in safety-critical engineering: even low rates of undetected constraint violations render a system undeployable. Current orchestration paradigms suffer from sycophantic compliance, context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tianbao Zhang

Recent work in language modeling has raised the possibility of self-improvement, where a language models evaluates and refines its own generations to achieve higher performance without external feedback. It is impossible for this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Audrey Huang , Adam Block , Dylan J. Foster , Dhruv Rohatgi , Cyril Zhang , Max Simchowitz , Jordan T. Ash , Akshay Krishnamurthy

ShinyItemAnalysis (SIA) is an R package and shiny application for an interactive presentation of psychometric methods and analysis of multi-item measurements in psychology, education, and social sciences in general. In this article, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Patrícia Martinková , Jan Netík , Adéla Hladká

Self-evolution, the ability of agents to autonomously improve their reasoning and behavior, is essential for the embodied domain with long-horizon, real-world tasks. Despite current advancements in reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) showing…

The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a continuous sensitivity to their potential real-world impacts and transformative effects. Stakeholder Impact Assessments (SIAs) are governance…

A leading proposal for aligning artificial superintelligence (ASI) is to use AI agents to automate an increasing fraction of alignment research as capabilities improve. We argue that, even when research agents are not scheming to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Aleksandr Bowkis , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jacob Pfau , Geoffrey Irving