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While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Despite its empirical success, the tasks and model scales at which reasoning becomes effective, as well as its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nicolas Boizard , Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Kevin El-Haddad , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Full-duplex spoken dialogue requires a model to keep listening while generating its own spoken response. This is challenging for large language models (LLMs), which are designed to extend a single coherent sequence and do not naturally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hui Lu , Xueyuan Chen , Huimeng Wang , Shuhai Peng , Shiyin Kang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu

Reasoning models often spend a significant amount of time thinking before they generate a visible response. In the meantime, they do not give the user any hints as to whether their reasoning is on the right track, and do not give the user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Anthony Liang , Jonathan Berant , Adam Fisch , Abhimanyu Goyal , Kalpesh Krishna , Jacob Eisenstein

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to ranking tasks in retrieval and recommendation. Although reasoning prompting can enhance ranking utility, our preliminary exploration reveals that its benefits are inconsistent and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huizhong Guo , Tianjun Wei , Dongxia Wang , Yingpeng Du , Ziyan Wang , Jie Zhang , Zhu Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance across many tasks, yet most systems remain limited to offline inference, requiring complete inputs before generating outputs. Recent streaming methods reduce latency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Junyan Lin , Junlong Tong , Hao Wu , Jialiang Zhang , Jinming Liu , Xin Jin , Xiaoyu Shen

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities through inference-time scaling, but this progress has also introduced considerable redundancy and inefficiency into their reasoning processes, resulting in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Xingyang He , Xiao Ling , Jie Liu

While large audio-language models (LALMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art audio understanding, their reasoning capability in complex soundscapes still falls behind large vision-language models (LVLMs). Compared to the visual domain, one…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Qiaolin Wang , Xilin Jiang , Linyang He , Junkai Wu , Nima Mesgarani

Despite the significant improvements achieved by large language models (LLMs) in English reasoning tasks, these models continue to struggle with multilingual reasoning. Recent studies leverage a full-parameter and two-stage training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yuchun Fan , Yongyu Mu , Yilin Wang , Lei Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Shujian Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Jingbo Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting enhances reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but often leads to verbose and redundant outputs, thus increasing inference cost. We hypothesize that many reasoning steps are unnecessary for producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Liu , Lu Wang

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in understanding audio content for conversational QA tasks. However, these models struggle to accurately understand timestamps for temporal localization (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hualei Wang , Yiming Li , Shuo Ma , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

In this work, we present Covo-Audio, a 7B-parameter end-to-end LALM that directly processes continuous audio inputs and generates audio outputs within a single unified architecture. Through large-scale curated pretraining and targeted…

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior capacities in solving complicated problems by generating long chain-of-thoughts (CoT), but such a lengthy CoT incurs high inference costs. Previous methods on inference-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minjia Mao , Bowen Yin , Yu Zhu , Xiao Fang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with computational efficiency and error propagation in multi-step reasoning tasks. While recent advancements on prompting and post-training have enabled LLMs to perform step-wise reasoning, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Tri Cao , Simeng Han , Yulin Chen , Bryan Hooi

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in tasks involving audio perception and understanding, such as speech recognition and audio captioning. However, their reasoning capabilities - critical for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziyang Ma , Zhuo Chen , Yuping Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Xie Chen

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made significant progress in audio understanding, yet they primarily operate as perception-and-answer systems without explicit reasoning processes. Existing methods for enhancing audio reasoning rely…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiang He , Chenxing Li , Jinting Wang , Yan Rong , Tianxin Xie , Wenfu Wang , Li Liu , Dong Yu

We propose integration of reasoning into speech large language models (speechLLMs) for the end-to-end slot-filling task. Inspired by the recent development of reasoning LLMs, we use a chain-of-thought framework to decompose the slot-filling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Kadri Hacioglu , Manjunath K E , Andreas Stolcke

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at problem solving by generating chain of thoughts in natural language, but such verbal thinking is computationally costly and prone to overthinking. A recent work instead proposes a latent thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hanwen Du , Yuxin Dong , Xia Ning