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Related papers: Dyck language and fermionic second quantization: I…

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We study a formal extension of the Dirac equation in the framework of a non-commutative two-sheeted space-time. It is shown that this approach naturally extends the classical Dirac theory by doubling the number of fermionic states, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Fabrice Petit , Michael Sarrazin

We study various aspects of Dyck words appearing in binary sequences, where $0$ is treated as a left parenthesis and $1$ as a right parenthesis. We show that binary words that are $7/3$-power-free have bounded nesting level, but this no…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

Second quantization is an essential topic in senior undergraduate and postgraduate level Quantum Mechanics course. However, it seems that there is a lack of transparent and natural derivation of this formalism from the first-quantization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Ning Wu

Analysis of the dynamics of the Dyck words helped solve the problem of representing the Catalan number as a sum of squares of natural numbers. In this case, the Dyck triangle is considered in different coordinates. In the calculations, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Gennady Eremin

We consider the recognition problem of the Dyck Language generalized for multiple types of brackets. We provide an algorithm with quantum query complexity $O(\sqrt{n}(\log n)^{0.5k})$, where $n$ is the length of input and $k$ is the maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Kamil Khadiev , Dmitry Kravchenko

We show a new and constructive proof of the following language-theoretic result: for every context-free language L, there is a bounded context-free language L' included in L which has the same Parikh (commutative) image as L. Bounded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Pierre Ganty , Rupak Majumdar , Benjamin Monmege

A generalization is provided for the notion of tags, as used in various formulations of physical scenarios. It leads to the definition of tagged vector spaces, based on a set of axioms for tags and their extractors. As an application, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Filippus S. Roux

We use Dirac's method for the quantization of constrained systems in order to quantize a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker spacetime in the context of $f(Q)$ cosmology. When the coincident gauge is considered, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-22 N. Dimakis , A. Paliathanasis , T. Christodoulakis

We find a representation for the determinant of a Dirac operator in an even number $D= 2 n$ of Euclidean dimensions as an overlap between two different vacua, each one corresponding to a bosonic theory with a quadratic action in $2 n + 1$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 C. D. Fosco , F. A. Schaposnik

We present a novel approach to construction of a formal semantics for a programming language. Our approach, using a parametric denotational semantics, allows the semantics to be easily extended to support new language features, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-12-04 In-Ho Yi

A functional calculus on the space of (generalized) connections was recently introduced without any reference to a background metric. It is used to continue the exploration of the quantum Riemannian geometry. Operators corresponding to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhay Ashtekar , Jerzy Lewandowski

Wick's theorem provides a connection between time ordered products of bosonic or fermionic fields, and their normal ordered counterparts. We consider a generic pair of operator orderings and we prove, by induction, the theorem that relates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 L. Ferialdi , L. Diósi

We investigate the structure of Large Language Model (LLM) embedding spaces using mathematical concepts, particularly linear algebra and the Hamiltonian formalism, drawing inspiration from analogies with quantum mechanical systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Timo Aukusti Laine

In recent years, diagrammatic languages have been shown to be a powerful and expressive tool for reasoning about physical, logical, and semantic processes represented as morphisms in a monoidal category. In particular, categorical quantum…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-04-19 Aleks Kissinger

Using the example of a Dirac particle in external static fields, Dirac theory is reformulated as a one-particle quantum theory in the space of normalized two-component spinors. In this formulation, the Dirac operator ``splits'' into two…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 N. L. Chuprikov

This paper enriches preexisting satisfiability tests for unquantified languages, which in turn augment a fragment of Tarski's elementary algebra with unary real functions possessing a continuous first derivative. Two sorts of individual…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-04 G. Buriola , D. Cantone , G. Cincotti , E. G. Omodeo , G. T. Spartà

The main goal of this work is to establish a bijection between Dyck words and a family of Eulerian digraphs. We do so by providing two algorithms implementing such bijection in both directions. The connection between Dyck words and Eulerian…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-10 Pietro Codara , Ottavio M. D'Antona , Marco Genuzio

In previous work we gave a mathematical foundation, referred to as DisCoCat, for how words interact in a sentence in order to produce the meaning of that sentence. To do so, we exploited the perfect structural match of grammar and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Bob Coecke

We treat here the interrelation between formal languages and those dynamical systems that can be described by cellular automata (CA). There is a well-known injective map which identifies any CA-invariant subshift with a central formal…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 G. Troll

We provide a concise exposition with original proofs of combinatorial formulas for the 2D Ising model partition function, multi-point fermionic observables, spin and energy density correlations, for general graphs and interaction constants,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Dmitry Chelkak , David Cimasoni , Adrien Kassel