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Deep learning-based image watermarking, while robust against conventional distortions, remains vulnerable to advanced adversarial and regeneration attacks. Conventional countermeasures, which jointly optimize the encoder and decoder via a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jiahui Chen , Zehang Deng , Zeyu Zhang , Chaoyang Li , Lianchen Jia , Lifeng Sun

Image watermarking involves embedding and extracting watermarks within a cover image, with deep learning approaches emerging to bolster generalization and robustness. Predominantly, current methods employ convolution and concatenation for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

We study the problem of watermarking large language models (LLMs) generated text -- one of the most promising approaches for addressing the safety challenges of LLM usage. In this paper, we propose a rigorous theoretical framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xuandong Zhao , Prabhanjan Ananth , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang

Audio watermarking is increasingly used to verify the provenance of AI-generated content, enabling applications such as detecting AI-generated speech, protecting music IP, and defending against voice cloning. To be effective, audio…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yizhu Wen , Ashwin Innuganti , Aaron Bien Ramos , Hanqing Guo , Qiben Yan

AI-generated content has accelerated the topic of media synthesis, particularly Deepfake, which can manipulate our portraits for positive or malicious purposes. Before releasing these threatening face images, one promising forensics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Xiaoshuai Wu , Xin Liao , Bo Ou , Yuling Liu , Zheng Qin

A recent watermarking scheme for language models achieves distortion-free embedding and robustness to edit-distance attacks. However, it suffers from limited generation diversity and high detection overhead. In parallel, recent research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yangkun Wang , Jingbo Shang

The rise of machine learning as a service and model sharing platforms has raised the need of traitor-tracing the models and proof of authorship. Watermarking technique is the main component of existing methods for protecting copyright of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Ziqi Yang , Hung Dang , Ee-Chien Chang

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

In practical application, the widespread deployment of diffusion models often necessitates substantial investment in training. As diffusion models find increasingly diverse applications, concerns about potential misuse highlight the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jijia Yang , Sen Peng , Xiaohua Jia

Integrated healthcare systems require the transmission of medical images between medical centers. The presence of watermarks in such images has become important for patient privacy protection. However, some important issues should be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Ahmed Nagm , Mohammed Safy

Recent studies on deep watermarking have predominantly focused on in-processing watermarking, which integrates the watermarking process into image generation. However, post-processing watermarking, which embeds watermarks after image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tzuhsuan Huang , Cheng Yu Yeo , Tsai-Ling Huang , Hong-Han Shuai , Wen-Huang Cheng , Jun-Cheng Chen

Advances in generative models have made it possible for AI-generated text, code, and images to mirror human-generated content in many applications. Watermarking, a technique that aims to embed information in the output of a model to verify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Qi Pang , Shengyuan Hu , Wenting Zheng , Virginia Smith

Recent advancements in diffusion-based image editing pose a significant threat to the authenticity of digital visual content. Traditional embedding-based watermarking methods often introduce perceptible perturbations to maintain robustness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Pengzhen Chen , Yanwei Liu , Xiaoyan Gu , Xiaojun Chen , Wu Liu , Weiping Wang

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

With the growth of editing and sharing images through the internet, the importance of protecting the images' authorship has increased. Robust watermarking is a known approach to maintaining copyright protection. Robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Arezoo PariZanganeh , Ghazaleh Ghorbanzadeh , Zahra Nabizadeh ShahreBabak , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Imperceptible digital watermarking is important in copyright protection, misinformation prevention, and responsible generative AI. We propose TrustMark - a GAN-based watermarking method with novel design in architecture and spatio-spectra…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Tu Bui , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse

The rapid development of video generative models has led to a surge in highly realistic synthetic videos, raising ethical concerns related to disinformation and copyright infringement. Recently, video watermarking has been proposed as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Kecen Li , Yuepeng Hu , Yupu Wang , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Robust invisible watermarking schemes aim to embed hidden information into images such that the watermark survives common manipulations. However, powerful diffusion-based image generation and editing techniques now pose a new threat to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fan Guo , Jiyu Kang , Qi Ming , Emily Davis , Finn Carter
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