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Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding aims to identify the perceptual, semantic, and cognitive content of neural processing based on non-invasively measured brain activity. Traditional EEG decoding methods have achieved moderate success when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-09 Xun Chen , Chang Li , Aiping Liu , Martin J. McKeown , Ruobing Qian , Z. Jane Wang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a complex signal and can require several years of training to be correctly interpreted. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great promise in helping make sense of EEG signals due to its capacity to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yannick Roy , Hubert Banville , Isabela Albuquerque , Alexandre Gramfort , Tiago H. Falk , Jocelyn Faubert

Electroencephalography (EEG) is shown to be a valuable data source for evaluating subjects' mental states. However, the interpretation of multi-modal EEG signals is challenging, as they suffer from poor signal-to-noise-ratio, are highly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-19 David Bethge , Philipp Hallgarten , Ozan Özdenizci , Ralf Mikut , Albrecht Schmidt , Tobias Grosse-Puppendahl

Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are analyzed using battery-powered wearable devices to monitor brain activities and neurological disorders. These applications require long and continuous processing to generate feasible results.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Zain Taufique , Muhammad Awais Bin Altaf , Antonio Miele , Pasi Liljeberg , Anil Kanduri

The objective of this study is to investigate the application of various channel attention mechanisms within the domain of brain-computer interface (BCI) for motor imagery decoding. Channel attention mechanisms can be seen as a powerful…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Martin Wimpff , Leonardo Gizzi , Jan Zerfowski , Bin Yang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a vital tool to measure and record brain activity in neuroscience and clinical applications, yet its potential is constrained by signal heterogeneity, low signal-to-noise ratios, and limited labeled datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enze Shi , Kui Zhao , Qilong Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Huawen Hu , Sigang Yu , Shu Zhang

The current electroencephalogram (EEG) based deep learning models are typically designed for specific datasets and applications in brain-computer interaction (BCI), limiting the scale of the models and thus diminishing their perceptual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Wei-Bang Jiang , Li-Ming Zhao , Bao-Liang Lu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is extensively employed in medical diagnostics and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications due to its non-invasive nature and high temporal resolution. However, EEG analysis faces significant challenges,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Zhenyu Xia , Xinlei Huang , Yuantong Gu , Suvash C. Saha

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising performance in automated electrocardiogram interpretation, it remains unclear whether they genuinely perform actual step-by-step reasoning or just rely on superficial visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jungwoo Oh , Hyunseung Chung , Junhee Lee , Min-Gyu Kim , Hangyul Yoon , Ki Seong Lee , Youngchae Lee , Muhan Yeo , Edward Choi

EEG foundation models, pre-trained on large-scale unlabelled EEG data, have emerged as a promising direction towards learning generalizable EEG representations. Despite showing positive results in data-rich regimes, they often fail to…

Unlike conventional data such as natural images, audio and speech, raw multi-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) data are difficult to interpret. Modern deep neural networks have shown promising results in EEG studies, however finding robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Nikesh Bajaj , Jesús Requena Carrión , Francesco Bellotti

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models (EFMs) have shown strong potential for transferable representation learning, yet their adaptation in realistic settings remains challenging when only a few labeled subjects are available. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingying Ma , Feng Wu , Yucheng Xing , Qika Lin , Tianyu Liu , Chenyu Liu , Ziyu Jia , Mengling Feng

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals are fundamental to neuroscience research and clinical applications such as brain-computer interfaces and neurological disorder diagnosis. These signals are typically a combination of neurological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Matteo Gabardi , Aurora Saibene , Francesca Gasparini , Daniele Rizzo , Fabio Antonio Stella

A significant challenge in the electroencephalogram EEG lies in the fact that current data representations involve multiple electrode signals, resulting in data redundancy and dominant lead information. However extensive research conducted…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Huyen Ngo , Khoi Do , Duong Nguyen , Viet Dung Nguyen , Lan Dang

Accurate and efficient electroencephalography (EEG) analysis is essential for detecting seizures and artifacts in long-term monitoring, with applications spanning hospital diagnostics to wearable health devices. Robust EEG analytics have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Anna Tegon , Thorir Mar Ingolfsson , Xiaying Wang , Luca Benini , Yawei Li

Deep learning has emerged as the preferred modeling approach for automatic ECG analysis. In this study, we investigate three elements aimed at improving the quantitative accuracy of such systems. These components consistently enhance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Temesgen Mehari , Nils Strodthoff

The purpose of this work is to propose a framework for the benchmarking of EEG amplifiers, headsets, and electrodes providing objective recommendation for a given application. The framework covers: data collection paradigm, data analysis,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-05 Aurore Bussalb , Marie Prat , David Ojeda , Quentin Barthélemy , Julien Bonnaud , Louis Mayaud

This research addresses a validated TMS EEG cleaning pipeline and a corresponding benchmark dataset. It evaluates two widely used artifact removal pipelines. A reference dataset of carefully preprocessed EEG signals was established to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Zhen Tang , Ameer Hamoodi , Stevie Foglia , Aimee Nelson , Zhen Gao

In recent years, the field of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis has witnessed remarkable advancements, driven by the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence. This survey aims to encapsulate the latest developments,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-09 Pengfei Wang , Huanran Zheng , Silong Dai , Yiqiao Wang , Xiaotian Gu , Yuanbin Wu , Xiaoling Wang

Integrating physiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG), with other data such as interview audio, may offer valuable multimodal insights into psychological states or neurological disorders. Recent advancements with Large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yongquan Hu , Shuning Zhang , Ting Dang , Hong Jia , Flora D. Salim , Wen Hu , Aaron J. Quigley