Related papers: Relating forcing relations
The use of function contracts to specify the behavior of functions often remains limited to the scope of a single function call. Relational properties link several function calls together within a single specification. They can express more…
Consider a difference equation which takes the k-th largest output of m functions of the previous m terms of the sequence. If the functions are also allowed to change periodically as the difference equation evolves this is analogous to a…
In the absence of an external frame of reference physical degrees of freedom must describe relations between systems. Using a simple model, we investigate how such a relational quantum theory naturally arises by promoting reference systems…
We give a brief account of the modal logic of the generic multiverse, which is a bimodal logic with operators corresponding to the relations "is a forcing extension of" and "is a ground model of". The fragment of the first relation is…
The purpose of this paper is to introduce justification logics based on conditional logics. We introduce a new family of logics, called conditional justification logics, which incorporates a counterfactual conditional in its language. For…
Logical relations are one of the most powerful techniques in the theory of programming languages, and have been used extensively for proving properties of a variety of higher-order calculi. However, there are properties that cannot be…
In the first sections of this article, we discuss two variations on Maxwell's equations that have been introduced in earlier work--a class of nonlinear Maxwell theories with well-defined Galilean limits (and correspondingly generalized…
The pioneering work of Blok and J\'onsson and its further development by Galatos and Tsinakis initiated an abstract study of consequence relations using the tools of module theory, where consequence relations over all types of syntactic…
We show that Morley's theorem on the number of countable models of a countable first-order theory becomes an undecidable statement when extended to second-order logic. More generally, we calculate the number of equivalence classes of…
This short article is devoted to the dynamics of controlled (and, therefore, open) systems. The internal forces, which appear only in the presence of external free controls and depend explicitely on them, are considered. Such interactive…
Pippenger's Galois theory of finite functions and relational constraints is extended to the infinite case. The functions involved are functions of several variables on a set $A$ and taking values in a possibly different set $B$, where any…
Factorization theorem plays the central role at high energy colliders to study standard model and beyond standard model physics. The proof of factorization theorem is given by Collins, Soper and Sterman to all orders in perturbation theory…
Involving effects of media, opinion leader and other agents on the opinion of individuals of market society, a trader based model is developed and utilized to simulate price via supply and demand. Pronounced effects are considered with…
This paper grew as a continuation of [Sh462] but in the present form it can serve as a motivation for it as well. We deal with the same notions, and use just one simple lemma from there. Originally entangledness was introduced in order to…
Reinforcement learning algorithms usually assume that all actions are always available to an agent. However, both people and animals understand the general link between the features of their environment and the actions that are feasible.…
We study the spectrum of forcing notions between the iterations of $\sigma$-closed followed by ccc forcings and the proper forcings. This includes the hierarchy of $\alpha$-proper forcings for indecomposable countable ordinals as well as…
We present a version with non-definable forcing notions of Shelah's theory of iterated forcing along a template. Our main result, as an application, is that, if $\kappa$ is a measurable cardinal and $\theta<\kappa<\mu<\lambda$ are…
This paper (1)shows that the best supported current psychological theory (Cheng, 1997) of how human subjects judge the causal power or influence of variations in presence or absence of one feature on another, given data on their…
This book is devoted to an informal discussion of patterns constructed for treating physical problems. Such patterns, when sufficiently formalized, are usually referred as "models", and tents to be applied not only in physics, but conquer…
We introduce a type and effect system, for an imperative object calculus, which infers "sharing" possibly introduced by the evaluation of an expression, represented as an equivalence relation among its free variables. This direct…