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We consider filtering in high-dimensional non-Gaussian state-space models with intractable transition kernels, nonlinear and possibly chaotic dynamics, and sparse observations in space and time. We propose a novel filtering methodology that…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-07 Alessio Spantini , Ricardo Baptista , Youssef Marzouk

The Kalman filter is a fundamental tool for state estimation in dynamical systems. While originally developed for linear Gaussian settings, it has been extended to nonlinear problems through approaches such as the extended and unscented…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Yuan Wu , Sicheng He

Few real-world systems are amenable to truly Bayesian filtering; nonlinearities and non-Gaussian noises can wreak havoc on filters that rely on linearization and Gaussian uncertainty approximations. This article presents the Bayesian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Kristen Michaelson , Andrey A. Popov , Renato Zanetti

In this paper, we propose an approach to address the problems with ambiguity in tuning the process and observation noises for a discrete-time linear Kalman filter. Conventional approaches to tuning (e.g. using normalized estimation error…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Zhaozhong Chen , Christoffer Heckman , Simon Julier , Nisar Ahmed

This article presents an up-to-date tutorial review of nonlinear Bayesian estimation. State estimation for nonlinear systems has been a challenge encountered in a wide range of engineering fields, attracting decades of research effort. To…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Huazhen Fang , Ning Tian , Yebin Wang , MengChu Zhou , Mulugeta A. Haile

We propose an ensemble score filter (EnSF) for solving high-dimensional nonlinear filtering problems with superior accuracy. A major drawback of existing filtering methods, e.g., particle filters or ensemble Kalman filters, is the low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-14 Feng Bao , Zezhong Zhang , Guannan Zhang

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a cornerstone of nonlinear state estimation, yet its performance is fundamentally limited by noise-model mismatch and linearization errors. We develop a residual-aware distributionally robust EKF that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Minhyuk Jang , Jungjin Lee , Astghik Hakobyan , Naira Hovakimyan , Insoon Yang

This paper focuses on the state estimation problem in distributed sensor networks, where intermittent packet dropouts, corrupted observations, and unknown noise covariances coexist. To tackle this challenge, we formulate the joint…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Peng Sun , Ruoyu Wang , Xue Luo

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) is widely used in inverse problems to estimate system parameters from limited observations. However, the IEnKF, when applied to nonlinear systems, can be plagued by poor convergence. Here we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-11 Jiacheng Wu , Jian-Xun Wang , Shawn C. Shadden

Robustness and adaptivity are two competing objectives in Kalman filters (KF). Robustness involves temporarily inflating prior estimates of noise covariances, while adaptivity updates prior beliefs by exploiting measurements. In practical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shilei Li , Dawei Shi , Hao Yu , Ling Shi

The ensemble Kalman filter has become a popular data assimilation technique in the geosciences. However, little is known theoretically about its long term stability and accuracy. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of an ensemble…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-11 Jana de Wiljes , Sebastian Reich , Wilhelm Stannat

Nonlinear/non-Gaussian filtering has broad applications in many areas of life sciences where either the dynamic is nonlinear and/or the probability density function of uncertain state is non-Gaussian. In such problems, the accuracy of the…

Computation · Statistics 2012-08-02 Hatef Monajemi , Peter K. Kitanidis

Data assimilation algorithms are used to estimate the states of a dynamical system using partial and noisy observations. The ensemble Kalman filter has become a popular data assimilation scheme due to its simplicity and robustness for a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-23 Gottfried Hastermann , Maria Reinhardt , Rupert Klein , Sebastian Reich

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a widely used methodology for state estimation in partial, noisily observed dynamical systems, and for parameter estimation in inverse problems. Despite its widespread use in the geophysical sciences,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Claudia Schillings , Andrew M. Stuart

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

Motivated by the maneuvering target tracking with sensors such as radar and sonar, this paper considers the joint and recursive estimation of the dynamic state and the time-varying process noise covariance in nonlinear state space models.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Hua Lan , Jinjie Hu , Zengfu Wang , Qiang Cheng

Ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) is an efficient approach to addressing uncertainties in subsurface groundwater models. The EnKF sequentially integrates field data into simulation models to obtain a better characterization of the model's…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-11-09 Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih , Mohamad El Gharamti , Ibrahim Hoteit

This paper investigates the distributed Kalman filter (DKF) for linear systems, with specific attention on measurement fusion, which is a typical way of information sharing and is vital for enhancing stability and improving estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-14 Tuo Yang , Jiachen Qian , Zhisheng Duan , Zhiyong Sun

The sample covariance matrix of a random vector is a good estimate of the true covariance matrix if the sample size is much larger than the length of the vector. In high-dimensional problems, this condition is never met. As a result, in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-11-12 Michael Tsyrulnikov , Arseniy Sotskiy

Contemporary data assimilation often involves millions of prediction variables. The classical Kalman filter is no longer computationally feasible in such a high dimensional context. This problem can often be resolved by exploiting the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-30 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong